Dramatic declines in coastal and oceanic fish communities off California
Dramatic declines in coastal and oceanic fish communities off California
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DOI：
10.3354/meps11444
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发表时间：
2015-10
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
J. Koslow;E. Miller;J. Mcgowan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Koslow;E. Miller;J. Mcgowan
加州合作海洋渔业调查（CalCOFI）的浮游鱼调查和南加州发电厂冷却水进水口（PPI）的系统采样提供了独立的、互补的时间序列来评估南加州从近岸到海洋环境的鱼类群落。自1972年以来，PPI项目在南加州沿海的5个地点对浅水近岸鱼类群落进行了采样，而CalCOFI自1951年以来在35米至离岸500多公里的标准站点沿6个样带对鱼类幼虫进行了采样。最近发表的对这些数据集的分析使我们研究了它们之间的潜在关系。虽然2个程序取样的类群存在有限的重叠，但它们之间的关键多元模式高度相关。从20世纪70年代到21世纪初，这两个时间序列都表现出急剧下降：在CalCOFI时间序列中，被发电厂捕获的鱼类的总体丰度下降了78%，幼鱼的总体丰度下降了72%。这些趋势主要影响具有冷水亲缘关系的分类群，在近岸和海洋生境的鱼类中共享，包括几个营养行会和许多未捕捞或仅轻度捕捞的分类群。这些下降与加利福尼亚洋流系统（CCS）浮游动物位移量的下降显著相关，这表明大尺度气候和海洋学驱动因素的影响。在过去的40年里，不断变化的环境条件似乎在CCS领域产生了更多的输家而不是赢家。
The California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) ichthyoplankton surveys and systematic sampling of southern California power plant cooling-water intakes (PPI) provide independent, complementary time series to assess fish communities off southern California from nearshore to oceanic environments. The PPI program has sampled the shallow nearshore fish community at 5 sites along the coast of southern California since 1972, while CalCOFI has sampled fish larvae along 6 transects at standard stations ranging from 35 m depth to more than 500 km offshore since 1951. Recently published analyses of these data sets led us to examine potential relationships between them. Although there was limited overlap in the taxa sampled by the 2 programs, key multivariate patterns were highly correlated between them. Both time series exhibited dramatic declines from the 1970s to the 2000s: 78% for fishes entrapped by the power plants and 72% for the overall abundance of larval fishes in the CalCOFI time series. These trends, which predominantly affected taxa with cool-water affinities, were shared by fishes across nearshore and oceanic habitats, and included several trophic guilds and many unfished or only lightly fished taxa. These declines were significantly correlated with declining zooplankton displacement volumes across the California Current System (CCS), which suggests the influence of large-scale climatic and oceanographic drivers. Over the past 4 decades, changing environmental conditions appear to have produced more losers than winners in the CCS.