Base rates in category learning.
Base rates in category learning.
复制标题
类别学习的基本费率。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.22.1.3
复制
发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kruschke,JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kruschke,JK
之前的研究人员已经发现，人们在做出类别判断时，似乎如何利用类别基本比率存在令人困惑的不一致之处。特别是，DL Medin和SM Edelson(见第1988-31640-001号记录)发现了一种相反的基准率效应，在这种效应中，参与者在测试一系列相互冲突的线索时倾向于选择一个罕见的类别，而MA Gluck和GH Bower(见记录-00340-001)报告了明显的基准率忽视，在测试具有单一症状的参与者倾向于选择一个罕见的类别，该单一症状对所有类别的客观诊断是相同的。这篇文章认为，共同的原则是这两种影响的基础。首先，学习基本速率信息，并将其一致地应用于所有培训和测试案例。第二，基准率的关键作用是使频繁类别先于稀有类别学习，从而使频繁类别按其典型特征进行编码，而稀有类别按其显著特征进行编码。四个新的实验提供了与这些原则一致的证据。这些原则在一种新的连接主义模型中被形式化，该模型可以迅速将注意力转移到独特的功能上。
Previous researchers have discovered perplexing inconsistencies in how people appear to utilize category base rates when making category judgments. In particular, DL Medin and SM Edelson (see record 1988-31640-001) found an inverse base-rate effect, in which participants tended to select a rare category when tested with a combination of conflicting cues, and MA Gluck and GH Bower (see record 1989-00340-001) reported apparent base-rate neglect, in which participants tended to select a rare category when tested with a single symptom for which objective diagnosticity was equal for all categories. This article suggests that common principles underlie both effects. First, base-rate information is learned and consistently applied to all training and testing cases. Second, the crucial effect of base rates is to cause frequent categories to be learned before rare categories so that the frequent categories are encoded by their typical features and the rare categories are encoded by their distinctive features. Four new experiments provide evidence consistent with those principles. The principles are formalized in a new connectionist model that can rapidly shift attention to distinctive features.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)