Ants as a Measure of Effectiveness of Habitat Conservation Planning in Southern California
Ants as a Measure of Effectiveness of Habitat Conservation Planning in Southern California
复制标题
蚂蚁作为南加州栖息地保护规划有效性的衡量标准
DOI：
10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01486.x
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
R. Fisher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milan Mitrovich;Tritia Matsuda;K. Pease;R. Fisher
摘要： 在美国，多物种栖息地保护计划旨在解决经济发展与生物多样性保护之间的冲突。尽管现已广泛应用，但保护规划过程的科学可信度和计划的有效性仍存在问题。我们利用蚂蚁来评估美国最早制定的区域保护计划之一——奥兰治县中部沿海自然群落保护计划（NCCP）的绩效，以实现其更广泛的生物多样性和生态系统层面保护目标。我们在 3 年多的时间里，在南加州沿海保护区网络中建立的 172 个地点收集了有关蚂蚁的陷阱数据。尽管研究区域恢复的本地蚂蚁多样性很高，但场地占用模型表明，29% 的场地存在入侵性和生态破坏性的阿根廷蚂蚁 (Linepithema humile)，而位于城市和农业区域 200 m 范围内的场地更有可能被入侵。在入侵地点，本地蚂蚁大部分被迁移，与未入侵地点相比，它们的中位物种丰富度下降了 60% 以上。在规划时，奥兰治县 NCCP 建立的 15,133 公顷保护区系统中有 24% 位于城市或农业边缘 200 m 以内。随着保护区周边土地的全面建设，保护区系统易受入侵的比例将增至44%。我们的数据表明，仅仅保护指定区域免遭开发是不够的。如果栖息地保护计划要履行生态系统层面保护的承诺，就需要对栖息地保护规划过程采取更加综合和系统的方法。
Abstract: In the United States multispecies habitat conservation plans were meant to be the solution to conflicts between economic development and protection of biological diversity. Although now widely applied, questions exist concerning the scientific credibility of the conservation planning process and effectiveness of the plans. We used ants to assess performance of one of the first regional conservation plans developed in the United States, the Orange County Central‐Coastal Natural Community Conservation Plan (NCCP), in meeting its broader conservation objectives of biodiversity and ecosystem‐level protection. We collected pitfall data on ants for over 3 years on 172 sites established across a network of conservation lands in coastal southern California. Although recovered native ant diversity for the study area was high, site‐occupancy models indicated the invasive and ecologically disruptive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) was present at 29% of sites, and sites located within 200 m of urban and agricultural areas were more likely to have been invaded. Within invaded sites, native ants were largely displaced, and their median species richness declined by more than 60% compared with uninvaded sites. At the time of planning, 24% of the 15,133‐ha reserve system established by Orange County NCCP fell within 200 m of an urban or agricultural edge. With complete build out of lands surrounding the reserve, the proportion of the reserve system vulnerable to invasion will grow to 44%. Our data indicate that simply protecting designated areas from development is not enough. If habitat conservation plans are to fulfill their conservation promise of ecosystem‐level protection, a more‐integrated and systematic approach to the process of habitat conservation planning is needed.