Human hookworm infection in the 21st century.
Human hookworm infection in the 21st century.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0065-308x(04)58004-1
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hotez, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brooker, S;Bethony, J;Hotez, PJ
对人类钩虫感染的科学研究始于世纪初。近年来，我们对这种全球广泛分布的寄生虫的许多方面的了解有了巨大的进步。本文综述了钩虫的生物学、免疫学、流行病学、公共卫生意义和防治等方面的研究进展，并展望了世纪钩虫的研究前景。分子生物学的进展导致了各种新的分子从钩虫，这无论是在钩虫感染的分子发病机制或在宿主-寄生虫关系的重要性的鉴定;一些也是有前途的疫苗靶点。目前，对钩虫感染的免疫反应知之甚少，尽管最近有人推测钩虫和其他蠕虫可能调节对其他病原体和疫苗的特异性免疫反应。我们对钩虫的流行病学理解已经通过传播动力学的数学模型的发展得到了改善，再加上几十年来在多个流行病学环境中的实地研究，已经表明某些人群特征现在可以被认为是钩虫和其他蠕虫物种的流行病学，人群生物学和控制的共同点。最近认识到钩虫对健康和教育的微妙但重要的影响，以及化疗的简单、安全、低成本和有效性，促使国际社会努力控制感染引起的发病率。目前正在开展大规模的治疗方案，这些方案得到健康教育的支持，并与提供更好的水和卫生设施相结合。目前也在努力开发新的驱虫药和抗钩虫疫苗。
The scientific study of human hookworm infection began at the dawn of the twentieth century. In recent years, there have been dramatic improvements in our understanding of many aspects of this globally widespread parasite. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding in the biology, immunology, epidemiology, public health significance and control of hookworm, and to look forward to the study of this important parasite in the 21st century. Advances in molecular biology has lead to the identification of a variety of new molecules from hookworms, which have importance either in the molecular pathogenesis of hookworm infection or in the host-parasite relationship; some are also promising vaccine targets. At present, relatively little is known about the immune responses to hookworm infection, although it has recently been speculated that hookworm and other helminths may modulate specific immune responses to other pathogens and vaccines. Our epidemiological understanding of hookworm has improved through the development of mathematical models of transmission dynamics, which coupled with decades of field research across mutliple epidemiological settings, have shown that certain population characteristics can now be recognised as common to the epidemiology, population biology and control of hookworm and other helminth species. Recent recognition of the subtle, but significant, impact of hookworm on health and education, together with the simplicity, safety, low cost, and efficacy of chemotherapy has spurred international efforts to control the morbidity due to infection. Large-scale treatment programmes are currently underway, supported by health education and integrated with the provision of improved water and sanitation. There are also efforts underway to develop novel anthelmintic drugs and anti-hookworm vaccines.