Definition and application of ethanol equivalent: Sustainability performance metrics for biomass conversion to carbon-based fuels and chemicals
Definition and application of ethanol equivalent: Sustainability performance metrics for biomass conversion to carbon-based fuels and chemicals
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cattod.2014.02.006
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Horvath, Istvan T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Csefalvay, Edit;Akien, Geoffrey R.;Horvath, Istvan T.
乙醇当量（EE）的定义是使用能量当量从给定的原料中提供等量的能量所需的乙醇的质量，或使用摩尔当量产生等量的碳基化学物质的质量。从生物质中生产乙醇需要能源，而在一个可持续发展的世界里，能源可以从生物质中生产出来。因此，我们还定义了实际乙醇当量（EEx），表明乙醇当量还包括使用1单位生物乙醇生产x单位生物乙醇。因此，本文使用的缩写EE2.3表示产出/投入生物乙醇比或效率为2.3。相应的玉米质量和土地面积的计算是基于2008年在美国商业化实践的第一代玉米生物乙醇技术。由于可以计算出给定工艺的总能量和必需材料需求，因此可以估计出生产过程甚至总技术的EE2.3。我们表明，EE2.3可以作为化石和生物质原料、产品、工艺和技术之间的转换工具。由于对于任何给定的基于生物质的技术，EE2.3都可以很容易地确定，因此可以计算出所需的生物质原料质量、土地大小，甚至水量。基于EE2.3的情景分析可以为专家和公众更好地可视化竞争技术对环境的需求。虽然对大多数人来说，区分不同选择的11000和100,000 btu相当困难，但比较通过不同技术生产相同数量的能量或质量所需的土地数量更简单。(C) 2014 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Ethanol equivalent (EE) is defined as the mass of ethanol needed to deliver the equivalent amount of energy from a given feedstock using energy equivalency or produce the equivalent amount of mass of a carbon based chemical using molar equivalency. The production of ethanol from biomass requires energy, which in a sustainable world could be produced from biomass. Therefore, we also define a real ethanol equivalent (EEx) indicating that the ethanol equivalent also includes the use of 1 unit of bioethanol to produce x units of bioethanol. Thus, the abbreviation EE2.3 used in this paper shows a 2.3 output/input bioethanol ratio or efficiency. Calculations of the corresponding mass of corn and size of landwere based on the first generation corn-based bioethanol technology as commercially practiced in the US in 2008. Since the total energy and essential materials requirements of a given process can be calculated, the EE2.3 of a production process or even a total technology can be estimated. We show that the EE2.3 could be used as a translational tool between fossil-and biomass-based feedstocks, products, processes, and technologies. Since the EE2.3 can be readily determined for any given biomass-based technology, the required mass of biomass feedstock, the size of land, and even the volume of water can be calculated. Scenario analyses based on EE2.3 could better visualize the demands of competing technologies on the environment both for the experts and to the general public. While differentiating between 1, 1000, and 100,000 BTUs for different options is rather difficult for most people, comparing the amount of the land needed to produce the same amount of energy or mass via different technologies is more straightforward. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.