Formation of Siliceous Spicules in Demosponges: Example Suberites domuncula
Formation of Siliceous Spicules in Demosponges: Example Suberites domuncula
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/9783527619443.ch4
复制
发表时间：
2008-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Müller;Xiaohong Wang;S. Belikov;W. Tremel;U. Schlossmacher;A. Natoli;David Brandt;A. Boreiko;M. Tahir;I. Müller;H. Schröder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Müller;Xiaohong Wang;S. Belikov;W. Tremel;U. Schlossmacher;A. Natoli;David Brandt;A. Boreiko;M. Tahir;I. Müller;H. Schröder
二氧化硅是Demospongiae和Hexactinellida类海绵骨针的主要成分。这些海绵的针状体由水合、无定形、非结晶二氧化硅组成。在海洋海绵Suberites domuncula的情况下，骨针的初始分泌已被证明发生在特化细胞，即硬细胞中，其中二氧化硅沉积在有机丝周围。随后，骨针被挤出并在半乳糖凝集素/胶原蛋白晶格/支架内在细胞外完成。在分子水平上阐明硅质针状体形成的一个主要步骤是发现硅质针状体的“轴向有机丝”是一种酶，silicatein，它介导无定形二氧化硅的并置，从而形成针状体。硅质针状体的形成当然是遗传控制的;这个过程启动了形态发生阶段，除了硅酸盐蛋白、半乳糖凝集素和胶原蛋白外，还涉及其他分子。本章的目的是提供一个理解骨针的形成，并概述了纳米生物技术的控制矿化的基本生物策略的应用。
Silica is a major constituent of sponge spicules in the classes Demospongiae and Hexactinellida. The spicules of these sponges are composed of hydrated, amorphous, non‐crystalline silica. In the case of the marine demosponge Suberites domuncula, the initial secretion of spicules has been shown to occur in specialized cells, the sclerocytes, where silica is deposited around an organic filament. Subsequently, the spicules are extruded and completed extracellularly within a galectin/ collagen lattice/scaffold. A major step in elucidating the formation of siliceous spicules on the molecular level was the finding that the “axial organic filament” of siliceous spicules is an enzyme, silicatein, which mediates the apposition of amorphous silica and hence the formation of spicules. The formation of siliceous spicules is certainly genetically controlled; this process initiates the morphogenesis phase and involves, in addition to silicatein, galectin and collagen, other molecules. The aim of this chapter is to provide an understanding of spicule formation and to outline the application of the basic biological strategies of the controlled mineralization for nanobiotechnology.