The evolution of altruism through war is highly sensitive to population structure and to civilian and fighter mortality
The evolution of altruism through war is highly sensitive to population structure and to civilian and fighter mortality
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2011142118
复制
发表时间：
2021-03-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Dyble, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dyble, Mark
战争在人类社会行为进化中的重要性仍然存在很大争议。一个假设是，群体之间的激烈战争有利于群体内的利他主义，这一假设得到了计算模型的支持，特别是Choi和Bowles的工作[J. K.崔，S。Bowles，Science 318，636-640（2007）]。然而，计算模型的结果是敏感的，选择的参数值和更深入的评估狭隘的利他主义假设的可行性，需要更详细地探讨这个模型。在这里，我使用一个最近开发的方法来重新审视崔和鲍尔斯的模型下，更广泛的条件下，在原来的文件中使用的。虽然利他主义的进化对大多数默认参数的扰动是鲁棒的，但它对群体规模和迁移以及战争的杀伤力非常敏感。结果表明，由Choi和Bowles的原始模型得出的群体间遗传分化程度（FST）远大于狩猎采集群体间FST的经验估计。当模型中的FST接近经验观察值时，利他主义不会进化。这些结果使人们对战争在人类社会性进化中的重要性产生了怀疑。
The importance of warfare in the evolution of human social behavior remains highly debated. One hypothesis is that intense warfare between groups favored altruism within groups, a hypothesis given some support by computational modeling and, in particular, the work of Choi and Bowles [J.-K. Choi, S. Bowles, Science 318, 636-640 (2007)]. The results of computational models are, however, sensitive to chosen parameter values and a deeper assessment of the plausibility of the parochial altruism hypothesis requires exploring this model in more detail. Here, I use a recently developed method to reexamine Choi and Bowles' model under a much broader range of conditions to those used in the original paper. Although the evolution of altruism is robust to perturbations in most of the default parameters, it is highly sensitive to group size and migration and to the lethality of war. The results show that the degree of genetic differentiation between groups (FST) produced by Choi and Bowles' original model is much greater than empirical estimates of FST between hunter-gatherer groups. When FST in the model is close to empirically observed values, altruism does not evolve. These results cast doubt on the importance of war in the evolution of human sociality.