The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices
The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices
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DOI：
10.1088/0741-3335/43/2/702
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发表时间：
2001-02
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
P. Ghendrih
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Ghendrih
写一本关于磁融合设备的等离子体边界的书是一项挑战，除了彼得·斯坦格比，很少有人能完成这样的任务。事实上，只有完全集成聚变的所有物理原理，才能解决面向等离子体的组件的热负荷控制或氦灰烬清除问题。此外，它们是磁约束核聚变下一步机器仍需解决的关键问题之一。正如这本书的序言正确地指出的那样，这本手册非常适合希望解释他们的结果并将一些常识带入复杂故事的实验者或代码科学家。第一部分，包括可能的问题，也将适用于学生和那些不是边界物理专家但希望捕捉这一研究领域的物理的等离子体物理学家。非常有价值的选择是提出物理学，在每一步用实验事实支持建模工作(反之亦然)，这是以严格的数学分析为代价的。这本书也没有建立起工程问题之间的联系，例如稳态的热量转移，以及手头的物理问题，尽管前者显然是目前物理学努力的动力。这本书的另一个缺点是太短了，专门讨论湍流等离子体传输的一节取决于它在定义边界等离子体本身方面的重要性，尽管大多数可用数据都是在边界等离子体中测量的。在一本长达700多页的热情洋溢的书中，Peter Stangeby涵盖了多年来的研究，从开创性的工作，例如托尼和朗缪尔在20世纪20年代末的S的鞘物理，到仍然是活跃研究对象的领域，如边界等离子体中的漂移。这本书分为三个不同的部分。第一部分，等离子体边界的介绍，是彼得在世界各地讲授的各种课程的教科书。在这一部分中，读者将被介绍边界等离子体物理学的许多概念和方面。第二部分，边界等离子体流体模拟导论，回顾了边界等离子体的理论背景和模拟工作。更自然的是，第3部分，等离子体边界研究，解决了目前在实验、建模和理论研究范围内的几个问题。正文进一步分为许多章节和小节，在一系列明确定义的主题中组织这一复杂的主题。这种风格体现了彼得讲话的精髓，生动活泼，几乎可以听到他的声音。第一部分是为最多的读者写的，占了全书的一半以上(约380页)。该部分首先给出了刮脱层(SOL)的定义，即围绕磁约束等离子体和鞘层的开放场线区域，即等离子体和壁材之间的驻波。第三部分专门讨论了溶胶层中最重要的原子物理方面，如入射粒子的电离和壁材的侵蚀。接下来的几节将致力于对溶胶体的越来越复杂的描述，这是一个很长的章节，解决了杂质的产生和随后的传输问题。这本书的第二部分涉及建模问题，篇幅相对较短(80页)。介绍了一维与二维模型的问题以及中间所谓的洋葱皮模型。这一部分的大部分假设是流体分析，尽管也包括了一些动力学方面的内容。第三部分中最重要的部分专门讲述了溶胶中的电流和漂移以及偏滤器的分离。因此，Peter Stangeby为聚变物理学家提供了一份非常宝贵的边界等离子体物理学研究报告。这一努力是更受欢迎的，因为前一本参考书，由D E Post和R Behrisch(Nato ASI系列，Plenum Press，N.Y.1986)编辑的《受控聚变中的等离子体墙相互作用的经常被引用的物理学》是在ITER国际项目之前编写的，该项目无疑促进了这一领域的研究。菲利普·根德里协会欧洲原子能-CEA Sur la Fusion Contrée，CEA-Cadarache，F-13108 St-Paul-Lez-Durance Cedex，法国
Writing a book on The Plasma Boundary of Magnetic Fusion Devices is a challenge and few others than Peter Stangeby would have been capable of such a task. Indeed, heat load control onto plasma facing components or helium ash removal can only be resolved by fully integrating all the physics of fusion. Furthermore, they are among the key issues that remain to be solved for the next step machine on the way to Nuclear Fusion with magnetic confinement. As the Preface of the book rightly points out, this handbook is well suited for experimentalists or code scientists who wish to interpret their results and bring some common sense into a complex story. Part 1, which includes may problems, will also be appropriate to students and those plasma physicists who are not specialists of boundary physics but wish to capture the physics of this field of research. The very worthy choice of putting physics forward, backing at each step the modelling effort with experimental facts (and vice versa), is performed at the cost of a rigorous and mathematical analysis. The book also falls short of establishing the connection between the engineering issues, such as heat removal in the steady state, and the physics at hand, although the former are clearly the incentive for the present effort in the physics. Another weakness of the book is too short a section dedicated to turbulent plasma transport depited its importance in defining the boundary plasma itself and despite the fact that most of the available data are measured in the boundary plasma. In a busy book of more than 700 pages, Peter Stangeby has covered many years of research, from pioneering work, for instance sheath physics by Tonk and Langmuir in the late 1920's, to areas that remain the subject of active investigation like drifts in the boundary plasma. The book is divided into 3 parts of very different footing. Part 1, An introduction to the subject of the plasma boundary, is the textbook of various courses given by Peter throughout the world. In this part, the reader is introduced to many of the concepts and facets of the physics of the boundary plasma. Part 2, Introduction to fluid modelling of the boundary plasma, is a review of the theoretical background and the modelling effort of the boundary plasma. Rather naturally, Part 3, Plasma boundary research, addresses several issues that are currently the scope of experimental, modelling and theoretical investigation. The text is further divided in numerous sections and subsections that organise this complex subject in a series of well-defined topics. The style is in the very spirit of Peter's talks, so lively that one can nearly hear him. Part 1, written for the largest audience, is more than half of the book (about 380 pages). This part starts with the definitions of the Scrape Off Layer (SOL), i.e. that region of open field lines that surrounds the magnetically confined plasma and the sheath, namely the standing shock wave between the plasma and wall material. A third section is dedicated to the most important aspects of atomic physics in the SOL, such as ionization of incoming particles and erosion of wall material. The following sections are then dedicated to more and more sophisticated description of the SOL, a long section addressing the issue of impurity generation and subsequent transport. Part 2 of the book deals with modelling issues and is relatively short (80 pages). The issue of 1-D versus 2-D models as well as the intermediate so-called onion skin models are introduced. Most of this part assumes a fluid analysis although some kinetic aspects are also included. The most important sections in Part 3 are dedicated to currents and drifts in the SOL as well as divertor detachment. Peter Stangeby thus offers the community of fusion physicists a very precious survey of boundary plasma physics. This effort is all the more welcomed since the previous reference book, the often quoted Physics of Plasma Wall Interactions in Controlled Fusion, edited by D E Post and R Behrisch (Nato ASI series, Plenum Press, N.Y. 1986), was written prior to the ITER internation project that definitely boosted this field of research. Philippe Ghendrih Association Euratom-CEA sur la Fusion Contrôlée, CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 St-Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France