Assessment of methods for measuring social support.
Assessment of methods for measuring social support.
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DOI：
10.1037//0278-6133.7.1.75
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Heitzmann;Robert M Kaplan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Heitzmann;Robert M Kaplan
一个迅速扩大的文献文件的影响，社会支持的身体和心理健康。虽然定义各不相同，但大多数都包括有形成分（例如，财政援助和物质援助）和无形组成部分（例如，鼓励和指导）。社会支持已被牵连在调解紧张的生活事件，从疾病中恢复，并增加程序的坚持。然而，在文献中有许多不一致的发现，并且很难解决差异，因为社会支持的措施在不同的研究中差异很大。为了指导选择测量方法的研究和应用工作，23技术评估社会支持的审查和评价。有利的评价标准包括信度系数大于0.8和有效性的文件。各种社会支持和标准措施之间的相关性进行了模拟，以证明选择一个低可靠性的措施的后果。量表开发人员报告了19项评估措施的可靠性数据。内部一致性系数在0.31到0.98之间。重测系数范围为0.22至0.96。至少有一些有效性文件可用于13个量表。然而，歧视有效性证据几乎普遍缺乏。尽管心理测量的弱点和规模之间的变化，研究人员有几个工具可供他们使用。
A rapidly expanding literature documents the effects of social support on physical and psychological well-being. Although definitions vary, most include both tangible components (e.g., financial assistance and physical aid) and intangible components (e.g., encouragement and guidance). Social support has been implicated in the mediation of stressful life events, recovery from illness, and increased program adherence. There are many inconsistent findings in the literature, however, and it is difficult to resolve discrepancies because measures of social support vary widely from study to study. To guide in the selection of measurement methods for research and applied work, 23 techniques for assessing social support are reviewed and evaluated. Criteria for favorable evaluation included reliability coefficients greater than .8 and documentation of validity. Correlations between various social support and criterion measures are simulated in order to demonstrate the consequences of choosing a measure with low reliability. Scale developers reported reliability data for 19 of the reviewed measures. Internal consistency coefficients ranged from .31 to .98. Test-retest coefficients ranged from .22 to .96. At least some validity documentation was available for 13 of the scales. Discriminant validity evidence, however, is almost universally absent. Despite psychometric weaknesses and variability among the scales, researchers have several instruments available to them.