Newspaper framing of fatal motor vehicle crashes in four Midwestern cities in the United States, 1999-2000
Newspaper framing of fatal motor vehicle crashes in four Midwestern cities in the United States, 1999-2000
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DOI：
10.1136/ip.2003.003376
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wesolowski, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Connor, SM;Wesolowski, K
目的：检验报纸对致命机动车辆事故的报道所传达的公共卫生信息，并确定新闻报道在多大程度上准确反映了真实风险和事故趋势。方法：从报纸对美国中西部四个城市两年来致命事故的报道中提取事故详细信息。使用比值比和两次尾部 z 检验，将记者确定的细节和因果因素与美国国家公路交通安全管理局死亡分析报告系统 (FARS) 的数据进行比较。结果：论文涵盖了两年内 278 起致命事故，而 FARS 记录了 846 起致命事故。论文将 90% 的撞车事故归咎于未充分报告约束装置的使用和驾驶员的死亡风险，未能反映约束装置的保护价值，并歪曲了酗酒和青少年驾驶员所扮演的角色。 结论：报纸报道没有准确反映真实风险。报纸将致命车祸描述为具有受害者/恶棍故事情节的戏剧；为了与这种叙事策略保持一致，报纸最有可能报道司机幸存并承担责任的故事。通过强调与常态不同的事故，将责任归咎于某一方，并且未能传达使用安全带等预防措施会增加生存几率的信息，报纸将事故从公共卫生背景中删除，并将其定位为个人问题。公共卫生从业者可以与各自领域的媒体合作，引起人们对虚假陈述的关注，并改变这些故事的框架方式。
Objective: To examine the public health messages conveyed by newspaper coverage of fatal motor vehicle crashes and determine the extent to which press coverage accurately reflects real risks and crash trends.Methods: Crash details were extracted from two years of newspaper coverage of fatal crashes in four Midwestern cities in the United States. Details and causal factors identified by reporters were compared to data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) using odds ratios and two tailed z tests.Results: Papers covered 278 fatal crashes over the two year period, in contrast to 846 fatal crashes documented in FARS. Papers assigned blame in 90% of crashes covered, under-reported restraint use and driver's risk of death, failed to reflect the protective value of restraints, and misrepresented the roles played by alcohol and teen drivers.Conclusion: Newspaper coverage did not accurately reflect real risk. Papers presented fatal crashes as dramas with a victim/villain storyline; in keeping with this narrative strategy, papers were most likely to cover stories where a driver survived to take the blame. By highlighting crashes that diverge from the norm, focusing on the assignment of blame to a single party, and failing to convey the message that preventive practices like seatbelt use increase odds for survival, newspapers removed crashes from a public health context and positioned them as individual issues. Public health practitioners can work with media outlets in their areas to draw attention to misrepresentations and change the way these stories are framed.