Thematic roles as verb-specific concepts
Thematic roles as verb-specific concepts
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DOI：
10.1080/016909697386835
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发表时间：
1997-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Amyote, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McRae, K;Ferretti, TR;Amyote, L
主题角色通常被视为槽和填充机制，其中槽没有内容，或者内容仅限于几个语法相关的功能。这种传统观点排除了人们所拥有的关于在特定情况下谁倾向于对谁做什么的重要知识。因此，它在这里得到了扩展，将主题角色视为动词特有的、基于特征的概念。在实验1中，受试者产生代理和患者角色的特征，例如“被拒绝的人”。角色/填充典型性评级，其中受试者对诸如“怪物吓唬人有多常见？”（即怪物作为惊吓剂），在实验2A中收集。在实验2B中，不同的被试呈现了实验1中的角色特征和实验2A中的典型代理人和病人。他们被要求评价每个角色特征对名词概念的重要性，并根据这些评分计算角色/填充特征相似性。类似的对象概念的研究，角色/填料特征相似性预测的角色/填料的典型性，从而表明，主题角色和名词性概念表示在类似的形式。实验3是一个自定进度的阅读研究，在这个研究中，形容词特征被用来使一个起始名词概念偏向于成为一个缩减关系从句的过去分词的好的施事者或受事者（“被庄家操纵的无情精明/年轻天真的赌徒出价超过了他能承受的损失”）。径向偏置调制模糊度解算目前的工作，结合其他最近的结果，表明，主题角色可能最好被视为动词特定的概念，这种概念/世界知识的计算和使用立即在线语言处理。结果进行了讨论，有关其他最近的治疗专题角色，以及基于约束和花园路径模型。
Thematic roles are typically viewed as slot and filler mechanisms in which the slots are devoid of content, or the content is limited to a few syntactically relevant features. This traditional view excludes important knowledge that people possess about who tends to do what to whom in specific situations. Thus it was extended here by treating thematic roles as verb-specific, feature-based concepts. In Experiment 1, subjects produced features for agent and patient roles such as ''someone who is frightened''. Role/filler typicality ratings, in which subjects provided judgements for questions such as ''How common is it for a monster to frighten someone?'' (i.e. monster as an agent of frighten), were collected in Experiment 2A. In Experiment 2B, different subjects were presented with the role features from Experiment 1 and the typical agents and patients from Experiment 2A. They were asked to rate how central each of the role features was to the nominal concepts, and role/filler featural similarity was calculated from these ratings. Analogous to studies of object concepts, role/filler featural similarity predicted role/filler typicality, thus suggesting that thematic roles and nominal concepts are represented in similar forms. Experiment 3 was a self-paced reading study in which adjectival features were used to bias an initial noun concept towards being a good agent or patient of the past participle of a reduced relative clause (''The shrewd heartless/young naive gambler manipulated by the dealer had bid more than he could afford to lose''). Featural bias modulated ambiguity resolution. The present work, in conjunction with other recent results, suggests that thematic roles might best be viewed as verb-specific concepts, and that this conceptual/world knowledge is computed and used immediately in on-line language processing. Results are discussed in relation to other recent treatments of thematic roles as well as constraint-based and garden path models.