Huffaker revisited: spatial heterogeneity and the coupling of ineffective agents in biological control
Huffaker revisited: spatial heterogeneity and the coupling of ineffective agents in biological control
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赫法克重温：生物防治中的空间异质性和无效药剂的耦合
DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.2299
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Vandermeer, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ong, Theresa Wei;Allen, David;Vandermeer, John
在一项经典研究中，Huffaker证明了非生物形式的空间异质性可以诱导捕食者-猎物相互作用的稳定性。最近的理论表明，空间也可以起到破坏捕食者-被捕食者系统稳定性的作用，稳定性可以从不稳定单元的耦合中产生。在这里，使用Huffaker的经典实验设计改装与现代经验和统计技术，我们重新评估空间对捕食者-猎物的相互作用的影响时，猎物是农业害虫，当捕食者必须与病原体竞争共享猎物资源。使用的经验系统，包括蚜虫，瓢虫，昆虫病原真菌，我们表明，虽然两种不同的控制剂是无效的，在控制害虫在日照，耦合在一起，不仅提高了控制的害虫，但也减少了发生大，空间集群害虫爆发。我们的研究结果表明，随着农业变得越来越孤立和巩固的景观，内生形式的空间异质性，这是由不同的组合控制剂之间的相互作用，可能会打破。我们认为，提高景观之间的连接是保持农业生态系统中有效的生物控制的重要。
In a classic study, Huffaker demonstrated that abiotic forms of spatial heterogeneity could induce stability in predator–prey interactions. Recent theories suggest that space can also act to destabilize predator–prey systems and that stability can arise from coupling of unstable units. Here, using Huffaker's classic experimental design refitted with modern empirical and statistical techniques, we reassess the effect of space on predator–prey interactions when the prey are pests of agriculture and when predators must compete with pathogens for shared prey resources. Using an empirical system including aphids, ladybird beetles, and entomopathogenic fungi, we show that while two different control agents were ineffective at controlling pests in insolation, coupling them together not only improved control of the pest but also reduced the occurrence of large, spatially clustered pest outbreaks. Our results suggest that as agriculture becomes increasingly isolated and consolidated across landscapes, endogenous forms of spatial heterogeneity, which arise from interactions between diverse assemblages of control agents, may break down. We suggest that improving connectivity across landscapes is important for maintaining effective biological control in agroecosystems.