How to evaluate a gastric submucosal tumour in a patient with haematemesis?
How to evaluate a gastric submucosal tumour in a patient with haematemesis?
复制标题
吐血患者如何评估胃黏膜下肿瘤？
作者：
S. Keilbaugh;M. Shin;R. F. Banchereau;L. McVay;N. Boyko;D. Artis;J. Cebra;G. D. Wu
背景和目的：在炎症性肠病(IBD)动物模型中，共生细菌引起肠道炎症的机制仍不完全清楚，导致人们对结肠粘膜对细菌定植的先天免疫反应越来越感兴趣。方法：采用基因表达谱技术，对无菌小鼠和Schaedler菌群改变小鼠的结肠RNA进行基因表达谱分析，研究机体对细菌定植的先天免疫应答。诱导频率最高的两组基因是RegIIIβ和γ以及干扰素γ(干扰素-γ)反应基因。结果：定量逆转录聚合酶链式反应显示，常规饲养的SCID小鼠与无菌饲养的SCID小鼠和常规饲养的BALB/c小鼠相比，其结肠组织中均有RegIIIβ、RegIIIγ和干扰素-γ的组成性表达。这些基因的诱导是通过无菌SCID小鼠与两个独立的肠道共生细菌物种-节段性丝状细菌和舍德勒氏大肠杆菌中的任何一个长期单一关联而复制的。干扰素-γ的细胞来源在SCID小鼠和舍德勒大肠杆菌的单一关联中定位于表达asialo-GM1的上皮内自然杀伤细胞亚群。体内干扰素-γ免疫中和研究未能证明RegIIIβ或γ的表达有任何变化。结论：因此，细菌在结肠的定植独立地激活了两种不同的先天性免疫细胞类型，它们位于与结肠腔的粘膜界面，即肠上皮细胞和IENK细胞，这一反应可能受到适应性免疫系统的调节。这些先天免疫反应可能在SCID过继转移模型小鼠结肠炎的发病机制中起作用，也可能在IBD患者的发病机制中起作用。
Background and aims: The mechanisms by which commensal bacteria provoke intestinal inflammation in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain incompletely defined, leading to increasing interest in the innate immune response of the colonic mucosa to bacterial colonisation. Methods: Using gene expression profiling of colonic RNA from C.B17.SCID germ free mice and those colonised with altered Schaedler’s flora, we investigated the innate immune response to bacterial colonisation in vivo. The two most consistently induced gene groups were RegIIIβ and γ as well as interferon γ (IFN-γ) response genes. Results: Using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we showed that RegIIIβ, RegIIIγ, and IFN-γ were constitutively expressed in the colon of conventionally housed SCID mice compared with either germ free SCID or conventionally housed BALB/c mice. Induction of these genes was reproduced by chronic monoassociation of germ free SCID mice with either of two separate gut commensal bacterial species—segmented filamentous bacteria and Schaedler’s Escherichia coli. The cellular source for IFN-γ on monoassociation of SCID mice with Schaedler’s E coli was localised to a subset of intraepithelial natural killer (IENK) cells that express asialo-GM1. In vivo IFN-γ immunoneutralisation studies failed to demonstrate any alteration in RegIIIβ or γ expression. Conclusions: Thus bacterial colonisation of the colon independently activates two distinct innate immune cell types at the mucosal interface with the colonic lumen, intestinal epithelial cells, and IENK cells, a response that may be regulated by the adaptive immune system. These innate immune responses may play a role in the pathogenesis of colitis in SCID adoptive transfer models in mice and possibly in patients with IBD.
影响因子：
29.4
作者：
He, WM;Wang, ML;Wu, GD
通讯作者：
Wu, GD
通过平行寡核苷酸阵列分析炎症性肠病的粘膜基因表达。
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Dieckgraefe,BK;Stenson,WF;Korzenik,JR;Swanson,PE;Harrington,CA
通讯作者：
Harrington,CA