MicroRNAs: Novel immunotherapeutic targets in colorectal carcinoma
MicroRNAs: Novel immunotherapeutic targets in colorectal carcinoma
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MicroRNA：结直肠癌的新型免疫治疗靶点。
DOI：
10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5317
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发表时间：
2016-06-21
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Han, Wei-Dong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li, Xiang;Nie, Jing;Han, Wei-Dong
结直肠癌（Colorectal carcinoma，CRC）是世界范围内最常见的癌症之一，复发或转移的CRC患者预后极差。尽管化疗和放疗可以提高生存率，但仍有许多工作要做。免疫疗法经常单独或与其他疗法联合用于治疗CRC，并且是改善CRC治疗的安全可行的方法。此外，免疫系统在CRC生物学中的重要性已经通过对切除的CRC肿瘤中的免疫浸润的回顾性评估得到证实。microRNA（miRNAs）是一类短的非编码RNA，能够在转录后水平调控多个靶基因，在细胞增殖、分化和凋亡中发挥重要作用。miRNAs是正常免疫系统发育和功能所必需的。然而，miRNAs的异常表达经常在各种肿瘤类型中观察到，并导致免疫紊乱或免疫逃避。miRNAs的免疫调节功能表明miRNAs最终可能成为抗癌靶点组合的一部分。在此，我们将回顾miRNA在CRC免疫应答调节中的潜在作用，然后讨论如何利用不同的miRNA靶点治疗CRC。我们还概述了使用miRNA作为免疫靶点的主要局限性和挑战。
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and the prognosis for CRC patients with recurrence or metastasis is extremely poor. Although chemotherapy and radiation therapy can improve survival, there are still numerous efforts to be performed. Immunotherapy is frequently used, either alone or in combination with other therapies, for the treatment of CRC and is a safe and feasible way to improve CRC treatment. Furthermore, the significance of the immune system in the biology of CRC has been demonstrated by retrospective assessments of immune infiltrates in resected CRC tumors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that can regulate multiple target genes at the post-transcriptional level and play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. MiRNAs are required for normal immune system development and function. Nevertheless, aberrant expression of miRNAs is often observed in various tumor types and leads to immune disorders or immune evasion. The immunomodulatory function of miRNAs indicates that miRNAs may ultimately be part of the portfolio of anti-cancer targets. Herein, we will review the potential roles of miRNAs in the regulation of the immune response in CRC and then move on to discuss how to utilize different miRNA targets to treat CRC. We also provide an overview of the major limitations and challenges of using miRNAs as immunotherapeutic targets.