No Reservations: A First Look at Amazon's Reserved Instance Marketplace
No Reservations: A First Look at Amazon's Reserved Instance Marketplace
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发表时间：
2020-05
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通讯作者：
Pradeep Ambati;David E. Irwin;Prashant J. Shenoy
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作者：
Pradeep Ambati;David E. Irwin;Prashant J. Shenoy
云用户可以通过长期保留虚拟机（VM）（1年或3年）而不是按需获取虚拟机来显著降低成本（高达60%）。遗憾的是，保留虚拟机会使用户面临\n {需求风险}，如果他们预期的未来需求无法实现，则会增加成本。由于长期准确预测需求具有挑战性，因此用户通常会限制其对保留VM的使用。为了降低需求风险，Amazon运营了一个预留实例市场（RIM），用户可以在其中公开列出其VM预留的剩余时间，以便以他们设定的价格进行销售。RIM使用户能够通过在需求发生变化时出售虚拟机预订或购买更符合其需求预测范围的可变和短期虚拟机预订来限制需求风险。显然，RIM缓解需求风险的潜力取决于其价格特征。然而，据我们所知，RIM的历史价格既没有公开，也没有进行分析。为了解决这个问题，我们已经在亚马逊的弹性计算云（EC2）的所有69个可用区和22个区域中监控和存档RIM价格1.75年。本文首先介绍了这些数据及其对经济高效地配置云基础设施的影响。
Cloud users can significantly reduce their cost (by up to 60\%) by reserving virtual machines (VMs) for long periods (1 or 3 years) rather than acquiring them on demand. Unfortunately, reserving VMs exposes users to \emph{demand risk} that can increase cost if their expected future demand does not materialize. Since accurately forecasting demand over long periods is challenging, users often limit their use of reserved VMs. To mitigate demand risk, Amazon operates a Reserved Instance Marketplace (RIM) where users may publicly list the remaining time on their VM reservations for sale at a price they set. The RIM enables users to limit demand risk by either selling VM reservations if their demand changes, or purchasing variable- and shorter-term VM reservations that better match their demand forecast horizon. Clearly, the RIM's potential to mitigate demand risk is a function of its price characteristics. However, to the best of our knowledge, historical RIM prices have neither been made publicly available nor analyzed. To address the problem, we have been monitoring and archiving RIM prices for 1.75 years across all 69 availability zones and 22 regions in Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). This paper provides a first look at this data and its implications for cost-effectively provisioning cloud infrastructure.