Gross motor impairment and its relation to social skills in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and two meta-analyses.
Gross motor impairment and its relation to social skills in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and two meta-analyses.
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DOI：
10.1037/bul0000358
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Schultz, Robert T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang, Leah A. L.;Petrulla, Victoria;Zampella, Casey J.;Waller, Rebecca;Schultz, Robert T.
粗大的运动能力与儿童在体验和与社交世界互动方面的深刻差异有关。一篇关于自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)运动发育的迅速增长的文献表明，自闭症个体在粗大运动技能方面表现出损害。然而，由于研究之间的显著异质性，目前仍不清楚ASD患者中哪些粗大运动技能受损，这些差异出现的时间和原因，以及运动障碍和社交障碍是否相关。本文通过在两个不同的荟萃分析中对ASD的粗大运动技能的研究进行综合来解决这些问题。第一项研究比较了自闭症患者和神经典型(NT)对照组的粗大运动缺陷，汇总了114项研究的数据，分别代表6,423名自闭症患者和2,941名NT患者。结果显示，自闭症患者的粗大运动技能存在显著的总体缺陷(−‘s g=Hedges1.04)，这种缺陷对方法学和表型变异具有很强的抵抗力，并且在所测试的每个调节因素的水平上都是显著的。然而，适度分析显示，这一缺陷在对象控制技能(即球技能)、临床评估措施和上肢或全身运动方面最为明显。第二项荟萃分析研究了ASD患者的粗大运动和社交技能是否相关，综合了代表654名自闭症患者的21项研究的数据。研究结果显示，自闭症患者的粗大运动和社交技能总体上存在适度但显著的相关性(r=0.27)。总而言之，结果支持了运动缺陷与ASD核心症状有关的结论。需要进一步的研究来检验这种关系的因果关系和方向性。
Gross motor ability is associated with profound differences in how children experience and interact with their social world. A rapidly growing literature on motor development in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) indicates that autistic individuals exhibit impairment in gross motor skills. However, due to substantial heterogeneity across studies, it remains unclear which gross motor skills are impaired in ASD, when and for whom these differences emerge, and whether motor and social impairments are related. The present article addressed these questions by synthesizing research on gross motor skills in ASD in two separate meta-analyses. The first examined gross motor deficits in ASD compared to neurotypical (NT) controls, aggregating data from 114 studies representing 6,423 autistic and 2,941 NT individuals. Results demonstrated a significant overall deficit in gross motor skills in ASD (Hedges’ g = −1.04) that was robust to methodological and phenotypic variation and was significant at every level of the tested moderators. However, moderation analyses revealed that this deficit was most pronounced for object control skills (i.e., ball skills), clinical assessment measures, and movements of the upper extremities or the whole body. The second meta-analysis investigated whether gross motor and social skills are related in ASD, synthesizing data from 21 studies representing 654 autistic individuals. Findings revealed a modest but significant overall correlation between gross motor and social skills in ASD (r = 0.27). Collectively, results support the conclusion that motor deficits are tied to the core symptoms of ASD. Further research is needed to test the causality and directionality of this relationship.
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