Inflammation is increased with anxiety- and depression-like signs in a rat model of spinal cord injury.
Inflammation is increased with anxiety- and depression-like signs in a rat model of spinal cord injury.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbi.2015.08.009
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hook MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maldonado-Bouchard S;Peters K;Woller SA;Madahian B;Faghihi U;Patel S;Bake S;Hook MA
脊髓损伤 (SCI) 会导致多达 60% 的患者焦虑和抑郁加剧。然而，尽管广泛的临床研究侧重于了解影响 SCI 后心理健康的变量，但降低心理健康的危险因素仍不清楚。我们假设 SCI 固有的免疫系统兴奋可能导致心理健康状况下降。为了检验这一假设，我们使用了一系列既定的行为测试来评估脊髓挫伤大鼠的抑郁和焦虑情况。行为测试和随后的统计分析显示，三组受试者表现出以下行为特征：1）抑郁，2）抑郁和焦虑，或3）没有心理健康下降的迹象。随后的分子分析表明，心理队列不仅在行为症状上存在差异，而且在促炎细胞因子的外周（血清）和中枢（海马和脊髓）水平上也存在差异。表现出纯粹抑郁样特征的受试者显示出较高水平的外周促炎细胞因子，而表现出抑郁和焦虑样特征的受试者则显示出较高水平的中枢促炎细胞因子（海马和脊髓）。这些炎症变化与损伤严重程度无关。这表明炎症与心理健康状况下降的行为特征表达之间的关联不会因运动能力的差异性损伤而混淆。这些数据支持这样的假设：炎症变化与 SCI 后心理健康状况下降有关。
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to increased anxiety and depression in as many as 60% of patients. Yet, despite extensive clinical research focused on understanding the variables influencing psychological well-being following SCI, risk factors that decrease it remain unclear. We hypothesized that excitation of the immune system, inherent to SCI, may contribute to the decrease in psychological well-being. To test this hypothesis, we used a battery of established behavioral tests to assess depression and anxiety in spinally contused rats. The behavioral tests, and subsequent statistical analyses, revealed three cohorts of subjects that displayed behavioral characteristics of 1) depression, 2) depression and anxiety, or 3) no signs of decreased psychological well-being. Subsequent molecular analyses demonstrated that the psychological cohorts differed not only in behavioral symptoms, but also in peripheral (serum) and central (hippocampi and spinal cord) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Subjects exhibiting a purely depression-like profile showed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines peripherally, whereas subjects exhibiting a depression- and anxiety-like profile showed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines centrally (hippocampi and spinal cord). These changes in inflammation were not associated with injury severity; suggesting that the association between inflammation and the expression of behaviors characteristic of decreased psychological well-being was not confounded by differential impairments in motor ability. These data support the hypothesis that inflammatory changes are associated with decreased psychological well-being following SCI.