Ancient woodlands of Polynesia: A pilot anthracological study on Maupiti Island, French Polynesia
Ancient woodlands of Polynesia: A pilot anthracological study on Maupiti Island, French Polynesia
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波利尼西亚的古代林地：法属波利尼西亚莫皮蒂岛的试点人类学研究
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.032
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Jennifer G. Kahn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emilie Dotte;Jennifer G. Kahn
在这里，我们报告的结果进行了试点煤岩学研究（考古木炭分析）的毛皮蒂岛，在社会岛群岛的法属波利尼西亚。其目标是在岛上进行第一套炭疽分析，以重建欧洲接触前的植被组成，植被变化的历史和不同的人为使用的木本资源，根据不同的网站功能。结果表明，在大约公元世纪，至少有三个区域的低地海岸带已成功地模拟成一个生产力和多样化的园艺景观。此时，被调查地点周围的原生森林和沿海林地已转变为具有文化意义和经济生产力的树木景观。这些对植被的复杂操作可能始于人类定居的早期阶段，目前的数据集表明存在一种特定的沿海植被，包括与公元13 - 14世纪首次占领该岛有关的社会重要和/或栽培类群。这些记录进一步为木菠萝、油桐、无花果和木麻黄等人工种植树木的早期存在、无花果树与原始构造和精英职业的史前关联以及东波利尼西亚的晚出现提供了直接的考古植物学证据。考古背景的组合表现出不同的访问木本资源和使用的植被单位，这取决于社会等级和网站功能。最后，我们的案例研究证实了史前时期毛皮蒂植被的深刻人为改造，但同样揭示了这种现象的复杂性。
Here we report on the results of a pilot anthracological study (archaeological wood charcoal analysis) conducted on Maupiti Island, in the Society Island archipelago of French Polynesia. The goal was to conduct a first set of anthracological analyses on the island to reconstruct pre-European contact vegetation composition, histories of vegetation change and differential anthropogenic uses of woody resources according to various site functions. The results demonstrate that, at around the 17th century AD, at least three zones of the lowland coastal band had been successfully modeled into a productive and varied horticultural landscape. At this time, native forests and coastal woodlands surrounding the sites under investigation had been transformed into culturally significant and economically productive treescapes. These complex manipulations of the vegetation likely started during the early phases of human settlement, with current datasets indicating the presence of a specific coastal vegetation including socially important and/or cultivated taxa associated with the first known occupation of the island, dated to the 13th-14th century AD. The records further provide direct archaeobotanical evidence for the early presence of planted trees such asArtocarpus altilis,Aleurites moluccana,FicusandCasuarina equisetifolia, the prehistoric association ofFicustrees tomaraestructures and elite occupation, and the late appearance ofInocarpus fagiferin East Polynesia. The archaeological contexts of the assemblages demonstrate differential access to woody resources and use of vegetation units, depending on social rank and site function. Finally, our case studies confirm the profound anthropogenic transformation of Maupiti's vegetation during prehistoric times, but likewise reveal the complex nature of this phenomenon.