Genomic adaptation of marine phytoplankton populations regulates phosphate uptake
Genomic adaptation of marine phytoplankton populations regulates phosphate uptake
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DOI：
10.1002/lno.11252
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发表时间：
2019-07-22
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Lomas, Michael W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martiny, Adam C.;Ustick, Lucas;Lomas, Michael W.
在这项研究中，我们结合了“互惠移植实验”、细胞分选和宏基因组学来了解浮游植物如何适应磷酸盐可用性的差异以及对营养吸收速率的影响。互惠移植实验在六个站点进行，从拉布拉多海营养丰富的冷水到马尾藻海贫磷的温水。在大多数情况下，环境条件的直接影响和可能的磷有效性是对磷吸收的最强控制。然而，特别是南北站间的移栽试验表明，群落组成和功能基因的变化对吸收速率有重要影响。浮游植物谱系对不断变化的环境条件做出了独特的反应。微真核浮游植物对磷的吸收响应受磷浓度的强烈调节，而群落组成对原绿球藻和聚藻球菌的影响更大。为了支持这一观点，我们发现在原绿球藻和聚藻球菌中，环境磷酸盐浓度与P获取基因频率之间存在密切的负相关关系，这种基因组含量的差异可能与谱系特异性摄取速率的变化有关。将基因与海洋生物地球化学联系起来是一项重大的科学和技术挑战，大多数研究依赖于基因型与环境条件之间的相关性。然而，我们的研究表明，互惠移植实验如何成为理解环境条件与浮游生物多样性在调节重要开放海洋生态系统过程中的相对作用的可能工具。
In this study, we combined "reciprocal transplant experiments," cell-sorting, and metagenomics to understand how phytoplankton adapt to differences in phosphate availability and the implications for nutrient uptake rates. Reciprocal transplant experiments were conducted on six stations ranging from cold, nutrient-rich water in the Labrador Sea to warm, extremely P-deplete water in the Sargasso Sea. In most cases, the direct impact of environmental conditions and likely P availability was the strongest control on phosphate uptake. However, especially the transplant experiments between the northern and southern stations revealed that there are situations where changes in community composition and functional genes have an important effect on uptake rates. Phytoplankton lineages responded uniquely to changing environmental conditions. The picoeukaryotic phytoplankton P uptake response was strongly regulated by the phosphate concentration, whereas the effect of community composition was larger for Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. In support, we found a tight negative relationship between ambient phosphate concentration and the frequency of P acquisition genes in both Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, and such differences in genome content could be linked to lineage-specific shifts in uptake rates. Linking genes with ocean biogeochemistry is a major scientific and technical challenge and most studies rely on correlations between genotypes and environmental conditions. However, our study demonstrates how reciprocal transplant experiments are a possible tool for understanding the relative role of environmental condition vs. plankton diversity in regulating important open ocean ecosystem processes.