Italian Sexualities Uncovered, 1789-1914
Italian Sexualities Uncovered, 1789-1914
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揭露意大利性行为，1789-1914 年
DOI：
10.1057/9781137396990_12
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ross C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ross C
有一种普遍的观点认为，在意大利文化中，女性之间的欲望在历史上几乎是不存在的，或者至少是看不见的;在意大利，围绕女同性恋的禁忌一直存在，而且缺乏对这一问题的持续批判性辩论，这使得问题更加复杂。1然而，学者们现在开始探索这一问题，挖掘沉默的历史，挖掘歧视、虐待和性诡计的故事，并揭示了在统一后的意大利，特别是在科学出版物中，女性之间存在着关于欲望的公共话语。2事实上，正如Chiara Beccalossi在她关于意大利和英国女性同性反转的研究中所认为的那样，这远非一禁忌话题，到19世纪90年代，女性同性恋行为在意大利医学和精神病学杂志上已经成为一个相当“时髦”的话题。3本章以这些研究为基础，提出除了在这一时期的意大利实证科学中成为一个相当流行的主题外，女性之间的欲望问题在几个不同的领域引起了关注，产生了各种各样的话语，从科学到文学，包括更主流的小说和色情文学。正如我将在下文中展示的，这些话语的范围从对女性同性恋欲望的彻底否认和对性和性别的非规范性体现，到对女性之间性亲密关系的偷窥狂式否认，再到或多或少公开支持“萨福”之爱。
There is a widespread view that desire between women has historically been virtually absent or at least invisible in Italian culture; this has been compounded by the persistent taboos surrounding lesbianism in Italy and the absence of sustained critical debate on the subject.1However, scholars are now beginning to explore the issue, excavating silenced histories, unearthing tales of discrimination, abuse and sexual subterfuge, and revealing the presence of a public discourse on desire between women in post-unification Italy, particularly in scientific publications.2Indeed, as Chiara Beccalossi argues in her study on female same-sex inversion in Italy and Great Britain, far from being a taboo subject, by the 1890s female same-sex practices had become quite a ‘fashionable’ topic in Italian medical and psychiatric journals.3This chapter builds on such studies to suggest that in addition to being rather a popular theme in Italian positivist science of the period, the question of desire between women was attracting attention in several different fields, producing a variety of discourses that circulated across textual genres, from science to literature, including both more mainstream novels and erotica. As I will show below, these discourses ranged from outright condemnations of female homoerotic desire and non- normative embodiments of sex and gender, to voyeuristic depictions of sexual intimacy between women and to more or less overt endorsements of ‘Sapphic’ love.