Fear and Loathing across Party Lines: New Evidence on Group Polarization
Fear and Loathing across Party Lines: New Evidence on Group Polarization
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DOI：
10.1111/ajps.12152
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Westwood, Sean J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iyengar, Shanto;Westwood, Sean J.
如果从社会身份和对合作党派和反对党派的影响来定义，美国选民的两极分化已经急剧加剧。我们使用内隐、外显和行为指标来记录党派情感两极分化的范围和后果。我们的证据表明，对反对党的敌意在选民心中根深蒂固或自动形成，基于党派的情感两极分化与基于种族的两极分化一样强烈。我们进一步表明，政党线索对非政治判断和行为有强大的影响。党派成员歧视对立党派成员，其程度超过了种族歧视。我们注意到，党派人士愿意公开表达对对立党派人士的敌意，可以归因于缺乏管理负面情绪表达的规范，而且党派情绪的增加为精英们提供了对抗而不是合作的动机。
When defined in terms of social identity and affect toward copartisans and opposing partisans, the polarization of the American electorate has dramatically increased. We document the scope and consequences of affective polarization of partisans using implicit, explicit, and behavioral indicators. Our evidence demonstrates that hostile feelings for the opposing party are ingrained or automatic in voters' minds, and that affective polarization based on party is just as strong as polarization based on race. We further show that party cues exert powerful effects on nonpolitical judgments and behaviors. Partisans discriminate against opposing partisans, doing so to a degree that exceeds discrimination based on race. We note that the willingness of partisans to display open animus for opposing partisans can be attributed to the absence of norms governing the expression of negative sentiment and that increased partisan affect provides an incentive for elites to engage in confrontation rather than cooperation.