Storm Impact Scale for Barrier Islands
Storm Impact Scale for Barrier Islands
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发表时间：
2000-07
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通讯作者：
Jr. Asbury H. Sallenger
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作者：
Jr. Asbury H. Sallenger
提出了一个新的等级，对热带和热带外风暴对自然屏障岛的影响进行分类。拟议的规模是从根本上不同于现有的风暴相关的规模，强迫过程和海岸的几何形状之间的耦合是明确的。四个制度，代表不同程度的影响，被定义。在每一个制度，模式和相对规模的净侵蚀和加积被认为是独特的。制度之间的边界代表了界定影响过程和程度在何处发生巨大变化的阈值。影响等级1是“冲击”状态，描述了一场风暴，其中助跑仅限于前滨。前滨通常在风暴期间受到侵蚀，并在风暴后恢复;因此，没有净变化。影响等级2是“碰撞”状态，描述了波浪爬高超过前沙丘脊底部阈值的风暴。冲刷影响沙丘，迫使净侵蚀。影响等级3是“过冲”状态，描述了波浪上升超过护堤或前沙丘脊（如果存在）的风暴。相关的净向陆输沙有助于净迁移的障碍向陆。影响等级4是“淹没”状态，描述风暴潮足以完全和持续淹没堰塞岛的风暴。沙净向陆地运输的障碍岛，有限的证据表明，运输的数量和距离远大于发生在“过洗”制度。
A new scale is proposed that categorizes impacts to natural barrier islands resulting from tropical and extra-tropical storms. The proposed scale is fundamentally different than existing storm-related scales in that the coupling between forcing processes and the geometry of the coast is explicitly included. Four regimes, representing different levels of impact, are defined. Within each regime, patterns and relative magnitudes of net erosion and accretion are argued to be unique. The borders between regimes represent thresholds defining where processes and magnitudes of impacts change dramatically. Impact level 1 is the 'swash' regime describing a storm where runup is confined to the foreshore. The foreshore typically erodes during the storm and recovers following the storm; hence, there is no net change. Impact level 2 is the 'collision' regime describing a storm where the wave runup exceeds the threshold of the base of the foredune ridge. Swash impacts the dune forcing net erosion. Impact level 3 is the 'overwash' regime describing a storm where wave runup overtops the berm or, if present, the foredune ridge. The associated net landward sand transport contributes to net migration of the barrier landward. Impact level 4 is the 'inundation' regime describing a storm where the storm surge is sufficient to completely and continuously submerge the barrier island. Sand undergoes net landward transport over the barrier island; limited evidence suggests the quantities and distance of transport are much greater than what occurs during the 'overwash' regime.