Gravitational Waves and X-Ray Signals from Stellar Disruption by a Massive Black Hole
Gravitational Waves and X-Ray Signals from Stellar Disruption by a Massive Black Hole
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DOI：
10.1086/424684
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发表时间：
2004-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Kobayashi;P. Laguna;E. Phinney;P. Mészáros;P. Mészáros
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文献类型：
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作者：
S. Kobayashi;P. Laguna;E. Phinney;P. Mészáros;P. Mészáros
引力波和X射线耀斑预计来自大质量黑洞对恒星的潮汐分裂。利用相对论光滑粒子流体力学程序，研究了质量为~105-106M☉的Schwarzschild或Kerr黑洞附近俯冲轨道上主序星和氦星的命运。我们表明，即使在强相遇的情况下，潮汐破裂过程中发出的四极引力波也可以用点-粒子近似很好地描述。基于Godunov方法的附加水动力计算表明，对于足够高的潮汐压缩，会产生激波。激波加热导致X射线耀斑，对于被~106M☉黑洞破坏的太阳型恒星来说，它处于与引力波信号有关的kev范围内。X射线耀斑的硬度和持续时间可以作为中央黑洞质量的诊断。
Gravitational waves and X-ray flares are expected from tidal disruption of stars by a massive black hole. Using a relativistic smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, we investigate the fate of main-sequence and helium stars in plunge orbits passing near Schwarzschild or Kerr black holes of mass ~105-106 M☉. We show that quadrupole gravitational waves emitted during the tidal disruption process are described reasonably well by a point-particle approximation even in the strong-encounter case. An additional hydrodynamic calculation based on the Godunov method indicates that shocks develop for sufficiently high tidal compressions. The shock heating results in an X-ray flare, which for solar-type stars disrupted by ~106 M☉ black holes is in the keV range associated with the gravitational wave signal. The hardness and duration of the X-ray flare may serve as a diagnostic of the mass of the central black hole.