Tables for the normal development of Rana sylvatica
Tables for the normal development of Rana sylvatica
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林蛙正常发育表
DOI：
10.1002/ar.1090680410
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发表时间：
1937
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. A. Moore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Pollister;J. A. Moore
对任何一个无尾两栖类胚胎学的学生来说，指出需要描述一系列发育的正常阶段可能是不必要的。这些数据的有用性是由广泛已知的，但未发表的，由哈里森的点钝口线虫系列的参考频率。一段时间以来，在本实验室和其他实验室中，人们强烈地感觉到需要一种类似的无尾类动物发育的“共同语言”，目前的研究就是为了满足这一需求。人们发现，用至少两个特征来定义系列中的所有阶段是最有用的：外部形态和恒温下的年龄（在18 ℃受精后的小时）。外部形态的变化相对简单，直到尾巴开始生长。因此，除了年龄和形态之外，不需要关于第1至17阶段的额外数据，这包括卵裂、原肠胚形成和神经胚形成的连续现象。然而，在胚胎学的后期，有许多同时发生的过程是很容易从外部识别的。最明显的是：尾部的生长;身体的伸长;外鳃的生长，鳃盖的发育;表皮透明的发育;肠道的卷曲。此外，当胚胎接近幼虫状态时，出现发育的生理特征，例如，肌肉运动和游泳能力的开始，心跳、鳃循环和尾鳍循环的开始，
To any student of anuran embryology it is probably uiinecessary to point out the need for a description of a series of normal stages in the development. The usefulness of such data is shown by the frequency of references to the widely known, though unpublished, series of Amblystoma punctatum by Harrison. The need for a similar ‘common language’for anuran development has been keenly felt in this laboratory and in others for some time, and the present study is an attempt to meet this demand.It has been found most useful to define all stages in the series by at least two characteristics: the external morphology and the age at a constant temperature (hours after fertilixation at 18 C.). The changes in external form are relatively simple up to the beginning of the growth of the tail. Accordingly no additional data, beyond age and form, are needed on stages 1 to 17, which comprise the successive phenomena of cleavage, gastrulation and neurula formation. In the later period of embryology, however, there are many simultaneous processes that are readily identifiable externally. The most obvious are the following: growth of tail; elongation of the body; growth of external gills, development of operculum; development of transparency of epidermis; coiling of gut. Furthermore, there are physiological features of development that appear as the embryo approaches larval condition, eg., beginning of muscular movement and of swimming ability, onset of heart beat, of gill circulation, and of tail fin circula-