Strategy choice procedures and the development of multiplication skill.
Strategy choice procedures and the development of multiplication skill.
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策略选择程序和乘法技能的发展。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.117.3.258
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Siegler,RS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Siegler,RS
许多智能策略选择可以通过相对较低水平的认知过程来完成。本文描述了一个详细模型，说明这种“无意识”过程如何在一种常见情况下导致明智的策略选择：人们需要在陈述检索到的答案和使用备份策略之间进行选择。据报道，有几项实验测试了该模型对儿童个位数乘法的适用性。其中包括对何时使用不同策略以及早期经验如何影响以后表现的预测进行测试。然后，通过运行儿童乘法的计算机模拟来测试该模型在任意时刻生成性能以及性能随时间变化的充分性。通过模拟获得了大量的乘法知识，其学习和表现在很多方面与儿童相似。最后，讨论了该模型对于理解认知自我调节和认知发展的几个含义。
Many intelligent strategy choices may be accomplished through relatively low-level cognitive processes. This article describes a detailed model of how such “mindless” processes might lead to intelligent choices of strategies in one common situation: that in which people need to choose between stating a retrieved answer and using a backup strategy. Several experiments testing the model's applicability to children's single-digit multiplication are reported. These include tests of predictions about when different strategies are used and how early experience shapes later performance. Then, the sufficiency of the model to generate both performance at any one time and changes in performance over time is tested through the medium of a running computer simulation of children's multiplication. The simulation acquires a considerable amount of multiplication knowledge, and its learning and performance parallel those of children in a number of ways. Finally, several implications of the model for understanding cognitive self-regulation and cognitive development are discussed.