Ceteris Paribus Laws: Classification and Deconstruction
Ceteris Paribus Laws: Classification and Deconstruction
复制标题
其他条件不变的情况下法则：分类与解构
DOI：
10.1007/978-94-017-1009-1_4
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
G. Schurz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Schurz
在其他条件不变（CP）定律的哲学讨论中，人们没有充分考虑到科学中存在着不同种类的CP定律，它们具有相当不同的含义。我区分（1.）比较CP法和（2.）专属CP法律还有一些混合型CP法律，其中包含一个比较性CP条款和一个排他性CP条款。排它CP-律可以是（2.1）定的、（2.2）不定的或（2.3）正规的。虽然（2.1）和（2.2）类CP-定律表现出演绎行为，但（2.3）类CP-定律需要概率或非单调重构。类型（1）的CP-定律既可以是演绎的，也可以是概率的。所有这些类型的CP-定律都有经验内容，它们是可以检验的，除了类型（2.2）的CP-定律几乎是空的。典型地，CP类定律（1）表达不变的相关性，CP类定律（2.1）表达物理科学的封闭系统定律，CP类定律（2.3）表达基于进化论稳定性的非物理科学的规范定律。
It has not been sufficiently considered in philosophical discussions of ceteris paribus (CP) laws that distinct kinds of CP-laws exist in science with rather different meanings. I distinguish between (1.) comparative CP-laws and (2.) exclusive CP-laws. There exist also mixed CP-laws, which contain a comparative and an exclusive CP-clause. Exclusive CP-laws may be either (2.1) definite, (2.2) indefinite or (2.3) normic. While CP-laws of kind (2.1) and (2.2) exhibit deductivistic behaviour, CP-laws of kind (2.3) require a probabilistic or non-monotonic reconstruction. CP-laws of kind (1) may be both deductivistic or probabilistic. All these kinds of CP-laws have empirical content by which they are testable, except CP-laws of kind (2.2) which are almost vacuous. Typically, CP-laws of kind (1) express invariant correlations, CP-laws of kind (2.1) express closed system laws of physical sciences, and CP-laws of kind (2.3) express normic laws of non-physical sciences based on evolution-theoretic stability properties.