Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to asymptomatic spreading of virus
Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to asymptomatic spreading of virus
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2012156117
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发表时间：
2020-10-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Stone, Howard A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abkarian, Manouk;Mendez, Simon;Stone, Howard A.
许多科学报告表明，无症状和无症状的个体可能在社交互动中的对话中促进了COVID-19的传播。语音过程中会产生微滴，但很少有研究证明微滴的传输机制。这种缺乏了解妨碍了为减少和缓解风险战略提供知情的公共卫生指导，例如“6英尺规则”。在这里，我们分析呼吸和说话过程中的流，包括语音特征，使用数量级估计，数值模拟和实验室实验。我们记录了排出气流的时空结构。像“P”这样的爆破音的语音特征导致定向传输增强，包括夹带周围空气的射流。我们强调了呼出物质输运距离的三种不同的时间尺度规律，包括：1)短距离输运(
Many scientific reports document that asymptomatic and presymptomatic individuals contribute to the spread of COVID-19, probably during conversations in social interactions. Droplet emission occurs during speech, yet few studies document the flow to provide the transport mechanism. This lack of understanding prevents informed public health guidance for risk reduction and mitigation strategies, e.g., the "6-foot rule." Here we analyze flows during breathing and speaking, including phonetic features, using orders-of-magnitude estimates, numerical simulations, and laboratory experiments. We document the spatiotemporal structure of the expelled airflow. Phonetic characteristics of plosive sounds like "P" lead to enhanced directed transport, including jet-like flows that entrain the surrounding air. We highlight three distinct temporal scaling laws for the transport distance of exhaled material including 1) transport over a short distance (