CRUDE-OIL DEGRADATION BY MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM MARINE ENVIRONMENT
CRUDE-OIL DEGRADATION BY MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM MARINE ENVIRONMENT
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DOI：
10.1002/jobm.3630130403
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发表时间：
1973-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
PERRY, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CERNIGLIA, CE;PERRY, JJ
研究了从海洋环境中分离的微生物对原油的利用。富集分离原油降解生物体的程序进行了使用之间的河口和沿着海岸的北卡罗来纳州收集的泥样品。基本培养基为添加氮和磷的海水。在这些条件下分离的真菌比细菌更有效地利用原油，并且在纯培养中分离出几种利用石油的真菌。在所选的真菌中，有Cunninghamella etegans，Aspergillus versicolor，Cefenosporium acremonium和aPenicillium sp.这些真菌利用各种各样的碳氢化合物底物作为碳和能量的来源。所有的真菌都生长在矿物盐培养基上，不需要海水。结果表明，在分离的真菌中，C. elegans和Penicillum sp.对原油的降解效果最好。在0.2%v/v的海水基础盐培养基中加入石蜡基原油，接种C.生长5天后，90%以上的油被同化。使用了不到一半的沥青基原油。利用原油的真菌生长的最适温度不同，但都在15至24 °C之间生长。原油上的真菌没有发生显着的增长，除非海水中补充了氮和磷的来源。研究结果表明，真菌对原油具有较好的同化作用，石蜡基原油比沥青基原油更容易被真菌降解。
The utilization of crude oil by microorganisms isolated from marine environments was investigated. Enrichment procedures for isolating crude oil degrading organisms were carried out using samples of mud collected among the estuaries and along the coast of North Carolina. The basal medium was seawater supplemented with nitrogen and phosphate. The fungi isolated under these conditions utilized crude oil more effectively than did the bacteria and several oil utilizing fungi were isolated in pure culture. Among the fungi selected were strains ofCunninghamella etegans, Aspergillus versicolor, Cephalosporium acremonium, and aPenicillium sp. These fungi utilized a wide variety of hydrocarbon substrates as a source of carbon and energy. All grew on a mineral salts medium with no requirement for seawater.The amount of crude oil utilized by growing fungi was determined. The results suggested that of the fungi isolatedC. elegansand thePenicillum sp. were most effective in degrading crude oil. When paraffin base crude oil was added to the seawater basal salts medium (0.2% v/v) and inoculated withC. elegansover 90% of the oil was assimilated after 5 days growth. Less than one‐half of this amount of asphalt base crude oil was utilized. The optimum temperature for growth of fungi that utilized crude oil differed but all grew at temperatures between 15 and 24 °C. Significant growth of the fungi on crude oil did not occur unless the seawater was supplemented with a source of nitrogen and phosphorus. The results of this study suggested that fungi can effectively assimilate crude oil and that paraffin base crude is more readily degraded than the asphalt base crude oil.