The Mucosal Immune System and Its Integration with the Mammary Glands
The Mucosal Immune System and Its Integration with the Mammary Glands
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.11.014
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Brandtzaeg, Per
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brandtzaeg, Per
粘液免疫减少了通过促炎性全身免疫消除穿透性外源性抗原的需要。成人肠粘膜含有约80%的身体活化的B细胞-分化成浆母细胞和浆细胞（PC）。大多数粘膜PC产生二聚体免疫球蛋白A（伊加），其沿着五聚体免疫球蛋白M（IgM），可通过表达多聚体免疫球蛋白受体的分泌上皮输出。抗原的免疫排斥主要通过分泌型伊加与先天防御合作进行，但是，在新生儿和伊加缺乏症中，分泌型IgM是重要的。在肠道中，粘膜免疫的诱导和调节主要发生在肠道相关淋巴组织，特别是派伊尔集合淋巴结，也发生在肠系膜淋巴结。终末分化为PC是在固有层中完成的，活化的记忆/效应T和B细胞归巢于该固有层。哺乳期乳腺是分泌免疫系统的一部分，母乳中的伊加抗体反映了肠道相关淋巴组织和鼻咽相关淋巴组织（如扁桃体）的抗原刺激。因此，母乳抗体高度针对母亲环境中的感染因子和其他外源性抗原，这些抗原是婴儿可能遇到的。因此，母乳喂养代表了母亲和孩子之间巧妙的免疫整合。（J Pediatr 2010;156：S8-15）。
Mucosal immunity reduces the need for elimination of penetrating exogenous antigens by proinflammatory systemic immunity. The adult gut mucosa contains some 80% of the body's activated B cells-differentiated to plasmablasts and plasma cells (PCs). Most mucosal PCs produce dimeric immunoglobulin A (IgA), which, along with pentameric immunoglobulin M (IgM), can be exported by secretory epithelia expressing the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor. Immune exclusion of antigens is performed mainly by secretory IgA in cooperation with innate defenses, but, in newborns and in IgA deficiency, secretory IgM is important. In the gut, induction and regulation of mucosal immunity occurs primarily in gut-associated lymphoid tissue-particularly the Peyer's patches-and also in mesenteric lymph nodes. Terminal differentiation to PCs is accomplished in the lamina propria to which the activated memory/effector T and B cells home. Lactating mammary glands are part of the secretory immune system, and IgA antibodies in breast milk reflect antigenic stimulation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue such as the tonsils. Breast-milk antibodies are thus highly targeted against infectious agents and other exogenous antigens in the mother's environment, which are those likely to be encountered by the infant. Therefore breast-feeding represents an ingenious immunologic integration of mother and child. (J Pediatr 2010;156:S8-15).