Evidence that subsistence farmers have domesticated indigenous fruits (Dacryodes edulis and Irvingia gabonensis) in Cameroon and Nigeria
Evidence that subsistence farmers have domesticated indigenous fruits (Dacryodes edulis and Irvingia gabonensis) in Cameroon and Nigeria
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DOI：
10.1023/b:agfo.0000013259.95628.22
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Ukafor, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leakey, RRB;Tchoundjeu, Z;Ukafor, V
对喀麦隆和尼日利亚 6 个村庄的 152 棵 Irvingia gabonensis 树和 293 棵 Dacryodes edulis 树测量了 10 种果实和籽粒性状。使用频率分布曲线来检查每个村庄中每个物种的每个性状的变异范围，并汇总到国家和区域种群中。村庄亚种群之间在分布曲线的正态性（例如，美味杜鹃花的平均籽粒质量）或偏度（例如，美味杜鹃花的平均果肉深度）以及各个村庄种群之间沿 x 轴的分离程度方面存在差异，导致区域人口中出现双峰分布。就所有性状而言，两个物种的种群在不同国家之间存在显着差异，但只有美味 D. edulis 与喀麦隆种群之间存在显着差异。根据这项研究的结果，可以说 D. edulis 在尼日利亚几乎是野生的，但在喀麦隆是半驯化的，而 I. gabonensis 在喀麦隆是野生的，在尼日利亚是半驯化的。这些结果是根据一个假设进行讨论的，即不同种群中变异的范围和频率可用于识别驯化的五个阶段。通过比较理想性状与不良性状的频率分布曲线，以及统计上可识别的偏度和峰度变化，可以得出结论，由于农民自己通过截断选择的努力，喀麦隆的 D. edulis 处于驯化的第 2 和 3 阶段（肉厚相对增加 67%），而尼日利亚的 I. gabonensis 处于驯化的第 2 阶段（肉厚相对增加 44%）。深度）。在这项研究中，驯化似乎增加了遗传多样性，而不是减少了。
Ten fruit and kernel traits were measured in 152 Irvingia gabonensis and 293 Dacryodes edulis trees from 6 villages in Cameroon and Nigeria. Frequency distribution curves were used to examine the range of variation of each trait of each species in each village and aggregated into national and regional populations. There were differences between the village sub-populations, with regard to the normality (e.g., mean kernel mass of D. edulis) or skewness (e.g., mean flesh depth of D. edulis) of the distribution curves and in the degree of separation between the individual village populations along the x axis, resulting in the development of a bimodal distribution in the regional population. For all traits, populations of both species differed significantly between countries, but only in D. edulis were there significant differences between the Cameroon populations. On the basis of the results of this study, D. edulis can be said to be virtually wild in Nigeria but semi-domesticated in Cameroon, while I. gabonensis is wild in Cameroon and semi-domesticated in Nigeria. These results are discussed with regard to a hypothesis that the range and frequency of variation in the different populations can be used to identify five stages of domestication. From a comparison of the frequency distribution curves of desirable versus undesirable traits, and statistically identifyable changes in skewness and kurtosis, it is concluded that as a result of the farmers' own efforts by truncated selection, D. edulis is between Stages 2 and 3 of domestication (with a 67% relative gain in flesh depth) in Cameroon, while I. gabonensis in Nigeria is at Stage 2 (with a 44% relative gain in flesh depth). In this study, genetic diversity seems to have been increased, and not reduced, by domestication.