Nanogels and Microgels: From Model Colloids to Applications, Recent Developments, and Future Trends
Nanogels and Microgels: From Model Colloids to Applications, Recent Developments, and Future Trends
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04304
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发表时间：
2019-05-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Richtering, Walter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karg, Matthias;Pich, Andrij;Richtering, Walter
纳米凝胶和微凝胶是柔软、可变形和可穿透的物体，其内部具有凝胶状结构，可被分散的溶剂膨胀。它们的柔软性和对外界刺激(如温度、压力、pH、离子强度和不同分析物)的响应能力使它们在基础研究和广泛的应用领域，特别是在生物应用领域，成为有趣的软模型系统。它们在合成方面的最新巨大发展使人们能够获得具有复杂结构和组成的体系，从而允许定制具有特定性质的微凝胶。同时，最先进的理论和模拟方法提供了对纳米和微凝胶在外部影响和界面或高体积分数限制下的行为和结构的更深入的理解。纳米和微凝胶的实验分析的发展对于结构研究变得特别重要，该结构研究涉及与内部结构、整体大小和形状以及浓缩样品中的颗粒间相互作用相关的广泛的长度尺度。在这里，我们概述了纳米和微凝胶领域的最新技术、最新发展以及新出现的趋势。以下方面构成了我们讨论的重点：通过合成来定制(多)功能；在生物和生物医学应用中的作用；作为模型系统的结构和性质，例如，用于密集排列的散装和界面；以及理论和计算机模拟。
Nanogels and microgels are soft, deformable, and penetrable objects with an internal gel-like structure that is swollen by the dispersing solvent. Their softness and the potential to respond to external stimuli like temperature, pressure, pH, ionic strength, and different analytes make them interesting as soft model systems in fundamental research as well as for a broad range of applications, in particular in the field of biological applications. Recent tremendous developments in their synthesis open access to systems with complex architectures and compositions allowing for tailoring microgels with specific properties. At the same time state-of-the-art theoretical and simulation approaches offer deeper understanding of the behavior and structure of nano- and microgels under external influences and confinement at interfaces or at high volume fractions. Developments in the experimental analysis of nano- and microgels have become particularly important for structural investigations covering a broad range of length scales relevant to the internal structure, the overall size and shape, and interparticle interactions in concentrated samples. Here we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art, recent developments as well as emerging trends in the field of nano- and microgels. The following aspects build the focus of our discussion: tailoring (multi)functionality through synthesis; the role in biological and biomedical applications; the structure and properties as a model system, e.g., for densely packed arrangements in bulk and at interfaces; as well as the theory and computer simulation.