A Randomized Experimental Investigation of Reasoning Training for People With Delusions
A Randomized Experimental Investigation of Reasoning Training for People With Delusions
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妄想症患者推理训练的随机实验研究
作者：
K. Ross;D. Freeman;G. Dunn;P. Garety
本研究旨在调查一个简短的推理训练模块是否会改变妄想患者“急于下结论”的数据收集偏见。第二个目的是研究推理能力的提高是否会导致对错觉的思考更灵活。研究发现，与非临床对照组（n = 34）相比，患有妄想并被诊断为精神分裂症的人（n = 34）在推理任务中要求的信息更少。然后，临床组被随机分配到推理训练组或注意力控制组。在培训之后，参与者在数据收集方面表现出了显著的增加，少数人报告说他们的妄想更灵活，更不坚定，尽管这个发现并不重要。极端推理偏差基线的存在缓和了训练的效果。这项研究进一步证实了直接下结论的偏见，并表明数据收集是可以改进的，尽管最严重的偏见是抗拒改变的。建议开发和评估更长的、与错觉相关的推理包。
The present study aimed to investigate whether a brief reasoning training module changes the “jumping to conclusions” data gathering bias in people with delusions. A secondary aim was to examine whether improvements in reasoning would lead to greater flexibility in thinking about delusions. It was found that people with delusions and a diagnosis of schizophrenia (n = 34) requested less information on a reasoning task compared with a nonclinical control group (n = 34). The clinical group was then randomly allocated to a session of reasoning training or to an attention control condition. Following training, participants showed a significant increase in data gathering, and a small number reported more flexibility and less conviction in their delusions, although this finding was not significant. The presence at baseline of an extreme reasoning bias moderated the effect of training. The study provides further confirmation of the jumping to conclusions bias and shows that data gathering can be improved, though the severest form of the bias is resistant to change. It is recommended that lengthier, delusion-related reasoning packages be developed and evaluated.