Long Noncoding RNA: Genome Organization and Mechanism of Action
Long Noncoding RNA: Genome Organization and Mechanism of Action
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DOI：
10.1007/978-981-10-5203-3_2
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kanduri, Chandrasekhar
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文献类型：
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作者：
Akhade, Vijay Suresh;Pal, Debosree;Kanduri, Chandrasekhar
在过去的四十年里，我们已经知道非编码RNA维持着关键的管家功能，如转录，RNA加工和翻译。然而，在20世纪90年代末和21世纪初，高通量测序技术和分析这些大型测序数据集的计算工具的出现促进了数千种小而长的非编码RNA（lncRNA）的发现及其在不同生物功能中的功能作用。例如，lncRNA已被证明可以调节剂量补偿、基因组印记、多能性、细胞分化和发育、免疫应答等。本文综述了lncRNA如何通过多种机制实现这些丰富的功能，如翻译抑制、mRNA降解、RNA诱饵、促进染色质修饰剂的募集、调节蛋白质活性、通过海绵机制调节miRNA的可用性，此外，我们还详细介绍了lncRNA组织功能不同的核亚区室的不同机制和一般原理及其对核结构的影响。
For the last four decades, we have known that noncoding RNAs maintain critical housekeeping functions such as transcription, RNA processing, and translation. However, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies and computational tools to analyze these large sequencing datasets facilitated the discovery of thousands of small and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their functional role in diverse biological functions. For example, lncRNAs have been shown to regulate dosage compensation, genomic imprinting, pluripotency, cell differentiation and development, immune response, etc. Here we review how lncRNAs bring about such copious functions by employing diverse mechanisms such as translational inhibition, mRNA degradation, RNA decoys, facilitating recruitment of chromatin modifiers, regulation of protein activity, regulating the availability of miRNAs by sponging mechanism, etc. In addition, we provide a detailed account of different mechanisms as well as general principles by which lncRNAs organize functionally different nuclear sub-compartments and their impact on nuclear architecture.