Bioelectricity and the Control of Apical Growth in Pollen Tubes
Bioelectricity and the Control of Apical Growth in Pollen Tubes
复制标题
生物电与花粉管顶端生长的控制
DOI：
10.1089/bioe.2023.0006
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Feijó, José A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oliveira Nunes, Custódio de;Feijó, José A.
自18世纪以来，人们就在生命之树的每个分支中研究了生物电。生物电参与细胞生长、增殖和行为，在胚胎学和体细胞发育期间，生物电在组织尺度水平上转化为显著的组织重排。虽然可以在单个细胞中测量离子通量，但单个细胞可能通过电化学非平衡现象在其自身内产生并维持不同的生物电状态这一点并不一致。我们解决这种可能性，重点放在花粉管作为生物模型。由于其独特的性质，花粉管是深入研究的主题，进化流线型非常快速的顶端生长和对影响向化反应的外部线索的敏感性。花粉管的功能依赖于显着的尖端聚焦离子动力学，涉及形成陡峭的离子梯度，离子浓度差异超过一个数量级时，柄胞质溶胶相比。这些梯度被认为是基于离子转运蛋白、通道和泵沿着细胞的空间分离，在尖端和柄部处产生不同的电化学环境。但如何产生和维持极性仍然是一个争论的问题。在过去，我们假设，相反的电化学力的去极化在尖端和超极化在柄部可以创建一个膜电位梯度跨越从尖端到柄部，这将是反馈机制的一部分，在这些和可能的其他细胞类型的细胞极性。本文综述了近年来从生物电驱动形态发生的角度研究植物根尖生长的最新进展。
Bioelectricity has been studied since the 18th century in every branch of the tree of life. Bioelectricity is involved in cell growth, proliferation, and behavior, which at a tissue-scale level translates in dramatic tissue rearrangements during embryology and somatic development. Although ion fluxes can be measured in single cells, it is not unanimous that a single cell may create and sustain different bioelectrical states within itself by means of electrochemical nonequilibrium phenomena. We address this possibility, with a focus on the pollen tube as a biological model. Pollen tubes are the subject of intense research given its unique properties, evolutionary streamlined to very fast apical growth and sensitivity to external cues that affect chemotropic responses. Pollen tube's functions rely on conspicuous tip-focused ions dynamics, involving the formation of steep ion gradients, with ion concentration differences over an order of magnitude when compared with the shank cytosol. These gradients are thought to be based on the spatial segregation of ion transporters, channels, and pumps along the cell, creating distinct electrochemical environments at the tip and the shank. But how polarity is generated and maintained is still a matter of debate. In the past we hypothesized that opposing electrochemical forces of depolarization at the tip and hyperpolarization in the shank could create a membrane potential gradient spanning from the tip to the shank that would be part of feedback mechanisms essential to cell polarity in these and likely other cell types. In this study, we review the latest progress on understanding apical growth from the perspective of bioelectricity-driven morphogenesis.
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