Oh say, can you see? The physiology of vision
Oh say, can you see? The physiology of vision
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哦，说吧，你能看到吗？
DOI：
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发表时间：
1991
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Young
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文献类型：
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作者：
R. Young
我们怎么能看见？一个答案在于我们眼睛和大脑中视觉细胞的接受区。用最简单的术语来说，“接受野”是光可以影响细胞电输出的空间区域的地图。数以百万计的这样的视场分析和过滤照射在视网膜上的光的模式。我将在从眼睛到大脑的主要视觉通路中说明这些领域的主要解剖结构和生理过程。对这些领域的理解是至关重要的，因为它们的输出为有意识的视觉感知提供了基础，最终可以通过更高级的大脑过程来构建。也就是说，感知本身是由经过这些场过滤和分析的信息衍生出来的。Dan Pollen和他的同事最近用白噪声分析技术记录了猴子视觉皮层简单细胞的完整时空感受野。在这些新数据的背景下，我讨论了这些场的各种形状模型（高斯导数、Gabor、边缘和线检测器以及高斯偏移差）。高斯导数模型为所测试的模型提供了最简单、最简洁的感受野描述。高斯导数机器视觉时空滤波器，基于生物数据，产生图像的空间和时间导数的鲁棒估计。这些应该被证明适用于形式、运动、颜色和立体分析，只使用线性、可分离滤波器或它们的线性组合。所以对于“我们怎么能看见？”可能是早期视觉系统中的感受野在空间和时间上充当了强大的衍生分析器。
How can we see? One answer lies in the receptive fields of visual cells in our eyes and brain. A 'receptive field' in the simplest terms is a map of the regions in space where light can affect a cell's electrical output. Millions of such fields analyze and filter the patterns of light that impinge on the retina. I will illustrate the major anatomical structures and physiological processes underlying such fields, in the primary visual pathway from the eye to the brain. An understanding of such fields is critically important, since their output provides the basis upon which conscious visual perception can eventually be constructed by higher brain processes. That is, perception itself is derived from the information as filtered and analyzed by such fields. Complete spatio-temporal receptive fields of simple cells in the visual cortex of monkeys were recently recorded using white-noise analysis techniques by Dan Pollen and colleagues. I discuss various models of the shapes of these fields (Gaussian derivative, Gabor, edge-and-line- detector, and difference-of-offset-Gaussian) in the context of these new data. The Gaussian derivative model provided the simplest and most concise description of the receptive fields to the models tested. Gaussian derivative machine vision spatio-temporal filters, based upon the biological data, produced robust estimates of the spatial and temporal derivatives of the image. These should prove suitable for form, motion, color, and stereo analysis, using only linear, separable filters or their linear combinations. So a partial answer to 'How can we see?' may be that receptive fields in the early visual system may serve as robust derivative analyzers in space and time.