What should we tell patients with heart failure about sodium restriction and how should we counsel them?
What should we tell patients with heart failure about sodium restriction and how should we counsel them?
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DOI：
10.1007/s11897-013-0145-9
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发表时间：
2013-09-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Moser, Debra K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lennie, Terry A;Chung, Misook L;Moser, Debra K
本文综述了目前关于膳食钠推荐水平的证据，家庭成员参与低钠饮食，以及基于证据的策略，以提高患者和家庭成员遵循低钠饮食的意愿和能力。现有证据表明，推荐2.5至3克钠饮食将满足营养需求并降低住院风险。为患者成功确定的最佳策略是让患者和家庭成员充分参与共同减少钠摄入量。在咨询开始之前，应该使用动机访谈技术来指导患者和家庭成员认识到需要遵循低钠饮食。成功的咨询始于确定阻碍坚持的观念，障碍和个人特征。这些信息被纳入以理论为基础的教学策略，以促进行为改变和成功采用低钠饮食。
This article is a review of current evidence regarding the recommended level of dietary sodium, involvement of family members in adoption of a low sodium diet, and evidence-based strategies to increase patient and family member willingness and ability to a follow a low sodium diet. The available evidence suggests that recommending a 2.5 to 3 g sodium diet will meet nutritional needs and decrease risk of hospitalizations. The best strategy identified for patient success is to fully involve both patients and family members in jointly reducing sodium intake. Motivational interviewing techniques should be used before counseling begins to guide patients and family members toward realization of the need to follow a low sodium diet. Successful counseling starts with determining perceptions, barriers, and individual characteristics that impede adherence. This information is incorporated into theory-based teaching strategies to promote behavior change and successful adoption of a low sodium diet.