Understorey fire frequency and the fate of burned forests in southern Amazonia
Understorey fire frequency and the fate of burned forests in southern Amazonia
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亚马逊南部林下火灾频率和被烧毁森林的命运
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Hurtt
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作者：
D. Morton;Y. Page;R. DeFries;G. Collatz;G. Hurtt;G. Hurtt
最近的干旱事件凸显了亚马逊森林对下层火灾的脆弱性。火灾对生物多样性和森林碳储量的长期影响取决于火灾破坏的频率和被烧毁森林的毁林率。在这里，我们利用新的基于卫星的年度火灾活动（大于50公顷）和森林砍伐（大于10公顷）估算，描述了亚马逊南部林下火灾（1999-2010年）和森林砍伐（2001-2010年）的时空动态特征。1999年至2010年期间，林下火灾烧毁了超过85 500平方公里（占所有森林的2.8%）。多次燃烧的森林占所有下层火灾的16%。重复的火灾活动集中在马托格罗索州和帕尔帕尔<e:1>东部，而单一的火灾则广泛分布在森林砍伐的弧线上。马托格罗索州的常规火灾活动恰逢夜间相对湿度较低的年度时期，这表明气候对单次和多次火灾都有很强的控制作用。林下火灾发生在森林砍伐活跃的地区，但火灾和森林砍伐的年际变化并不相关，到2010年，1999年至2008年期间被烧毁的森林中只有2.6%被砍伐用于农业用途。过去十年的证据表明，未来对亚马逊地区前沿景观的预测应该分别考虑预测未来森林砍伐的经济驱动因素和预测火灾风险的气候因素。
Recent drought events underscore the vulnerability of Amazon forests to understorey fires. The long-term impact of fires on biodiversity and forest carbon stocks depends on the frequency of fire damages and deforestation rates of burned forests. Here, we characterized the spatial and temporal dynamics of understorey fires (1999–2010) and deforestation (2001–2010) in southern Amazonia using new satellite-based estimates of annual fire activity (greater than 50 ha) and deforestation (greater than 10 ha). Understorey forest fires burned more than 85 500 km2 between 1999 and 2010 (2.8% of all forests). Forests that burned more than once accounted for 16 per cent of all understorey fires. Repeated fire activity was concentrated in Mato Grosso and eastern Pará, whereas single fires were widespread across the arc of deforestation. Routine fire activity in Mato Grosso coincided with annual periods of low night-time relative humidity, suggesting a strong climate control on both single and repeated fires. Understorey fires occurred in regions with active deforestation, yet the interannual variability of fire and deforestation were uncorrelated, and only 2.6 per cent of forests that burned between 1999 and 2008 were deforested for agricultural use by 2010. Evidence from the past decade suggests that future projections of frontier landscapes in Amazonia should separately consider economic drivers to project future deforestation and climate to project fire risk.