Have we oversold the benefit of late-life exercise?
Have we oversold the benefit of late-life exercise?
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DOI：
10.1093/gerona/56.7.m412
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Jette, AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keysor, JJ;Jette, AM
背景：在发达国家，增加老年人的运动以改善功能和预防或减少残疾被广泛提倡。本综述旨在批判性地评估现有科学证据支持这些主张的程度。在Medline和Best Evidence数据库中进行了1985年至2000年的文献回顾。本文综述了实验性和准实验性有氧运动和阻力运动干预对功能损害的影响。以及残疾的结果。通过总结所有研究报告的结果，研究了运动对特定损伤、功能和残疾的影响。确认了31项研究。分别有97%和81%的研究报告了损伤和功能结局；一半的研究调查了残疾的结果。在力量、有氧能力、柔韧性、行走和站立平衡方面，晚年运动最一致的积极影响被观察到。超过一半的研究发现了积极的影响。在检查身体、社会、情感或整体残疾结果的研究中，大多数没有发现任何改善。在报告减少身体残疾的五项研究中，效应大小从。23 ~ 0.88。晚年锻炼能明显提高力量、有氧能力、柔韧性和身体机能。然而，现有的科学证据并不能有力地支持晚年锻炼是减少残疾的有效手段的说法。这在一定程度上可能是由于检查残疾结果的研究方法的局限性。另一方面。旨在减少残疾的干预措施的理论基础可能需要超越运动，并解决行为和社会因素。
Background, Increasing exercise among older adults to improve function and prevent or decrease disability is widely promoted in developed countries. This review seeks to critically evaluate the degree to which existing scientific evidence supports these claims.Methods. A literature review was performed in Medline and Best Evidence databases for the years 1985 to 2000. Experimental and quasi-experimental aerobic and resistance exercise interventions were reviewed for impairment, function. and disability outcomes. The impact of exercise on specific impairments, functions, and disabilities was examined by summarizing the findings reported across ail studies.Results. Thirty-one studies were identified. Impairment and functional outcomes were reported in 97% and 81% of the studies, respectively; half of the studies examined disability outcomes. The most consistent positive effects of late-life exercise were observed in strength, aerobic capacity, flexibility, walking, and standing balance. with over half of the studies that examined these outcomes finding positive effects. Of the studies that examined physical, social, emotional, or overall disability outcomes, most found no improvements. In the five studies that reported reduced physical disability, the effect sizes ranged from .23 to .88.Conclusions. Late-life exercise clearly improves strength, aerobic capacity, flexibility, and physical function. Existing scientific evidence, however, does not support a strong argument for late-life exercise as an effective means of reducing disability. This may be due, in part, to methodological limitations in studies that have examined disability outcomes. On the other hand. the theoretical basis of interventions aimed at reducing disability may need to extend beyond exercise and address behavioral and social factors.