Mechanisms of host seeking by parasitic nematodes.
Mechanisms of host seeking by parasitic nematodes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.05.007
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Hallem EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gang SS;Hallem EA
线虫门由多种多样的蛔虫组成，包括脊椎动物、无脊椎动物和植物的寄生虫。人类寄生线虫感染了全世界大约10亿人，并导致一些最常见的被忽视的热带病，特别是在资源匮乏的国家。牲畜和农作物的寄生线虫每年造成数十亿美元的损失。许多线虫感染可以用低成本驱虫药治疗，但在流行地区反复感染很常见，随着治疗和农业用药的增加，耐药性日益受到关注。许多寄生线虫都有一个环境感染幼虫阶段，参与寻找寄主，这是一个感染性幼虫利用感官线索寻找寄主的过程。寻找寄主是一种复杂的行为，涉及多种感官模式，包括嗅觉、味觉、热感觉和湿度感觉。作为寄主-寄主相互作用的第一步，寄主寻找可能是预防性干预的一个强有力的目标。然而，人们对寄主寻找行为的了解仍然很少。本文综述了昆虫-寄生线虫、哺乳动物-寄生线虫和植物-寄生线虫等寄生性线虫的寄主寻找行为。我们还讨论了这些行为的神经基础。
The phylum Nematoda comprises a diverse group of roundworms that includes parasites of vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. Human-parasitic nematodes infect approximately one billion people worldwide and cause some of the most common neglected tropical diseases, particularly in low-resource countries. Parasitic nematodes of livestock and crops result in billions of dollars in losses each year. Many nematode infections are treatable with low-cost anthelmintic drugs, but repeated infections are common in endemic areas and drug resistance is a growing concern with increasing therapeutic and agricultural administration. Many parasitic nematodes have an environmental infective larval stage that engages in host seeking, a process whereby the infective larvae use sensory cues to search for hosts. Host seeking is a complex behavior that involves multiple sensory modalities, including olfaction, gustation, thermosensation, and humidity sensation. As the initial step of the parasite-host interaction, host seeking could be a powerful target for preventative intervention. However, host-seeking behavior remains poorly understood. Here we review what is currently known about the host-seeking behaviors of different parasitic nematodes, including insect-parasitic nematodes, mammalian-parasitic nematodes, and plant-parasitic nematodes. We also discuss the neural bases of these behaviors.