Utilizing Multi-Sensor Fire Detections to Map Fires in the United States
Utilizing Multi-Sensor Fire Detections to Map Fires in the United States
复制标题
利用多传感器火灾探测绘制美国火灾地图
DOI：
10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-161-2014
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Coan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Howard;J. Picotte;M. Coan
抽象的。2006年，美国林务局（USFS）和美国地质调查局（USGS）开始合作开展烧伤严重程度监测趋势（MTBS）项目，以绘制和评估自1984年以来美国发生的所有大型火灾的烧伤严重程度。使用Landsat图像，MTBS被授权绘制符合特定大小标准的野火和规定火灾：西部超过1000英亩，东部超过500英亩，无论所有权如何。主要依靠联邦和州的火灾发生记录，超过15,300个单独的火灾已经被绘制出来。在绘制记录的火灾地图时，发现并评估了另外2，700处“未知”或无记录的火灾。很明显，美国可能有数千起没有记录的火灾尚未被绘制出来。如果MTBS要提供美国各地火灾的全面统计，仅凭火灾发生记录是不够的。此外，要评估的火灾数量之多已经超过了目前的人工程序。为了解决这些问题，美国国家航空航天局（NASA）应用科学计划正在帮助资助美国地质勘探局及其MTBS合作伙伴（USFS，国家公园服务）开发和实施一个利用卫星数据自动识别火灾的系统。在接近真实的时间，美国地质勘探局将结合联合收割机主动火灾卫星探测从中分辨率成像光谱仪，高级甚高分辨率辐射计和地球观测与遥感卫星获取。将定期扫描新获取的陆地卫星图像，以识别新烧毁的区域像素，推导出初始周长，并用卫星检测日期和时间标记烧毁区域。早期档案中的陆地卫星图像将被扫描，以识别未记录的火灾。将开发更多的自动火灾评估程序。美国地质勘探局将使用开放源码软件包开发这些程序，以便向当地土地管理人员免费提供工具，使他们有能力评估地方一级的火灾。
Abstract. In 2006, the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) project began a cooperative effort between the US Forest Service (USFS) and the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) to map and assess burn severity all large fires that have occurred in the United States since 1984. Using Landsat imagery, MTBS is mandated to map wildfire and prescribed fire that meet specific size criteria: greater than 1000 acres in the west and 500 acres in the east, regardless of ownership. Relying mostly on federal and state fire occurrence records, over 15,300 individual fires have been mapped. While mapping recorded fires, an additional 2,700 "unknown" or undocumented fires were discovered and assessed. It has become apparent that there are perhaps thousands of undocumented fires in the US that are yet to be mapped. Fire occurrence records alone are inadequate if MTBS is to provide a comprehensive accounting of fire across the US. Additionally, the sheer number of fires to assess has overwhelmed current manual procedures. To address these problems, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Sciences Program is helping to fund the efforts of the USGS and its MTBS partners (USFS, National Park Service) to develop, and implement a system to automatically identify fires using satellite data. In near real time, USGS will combine active fire satellite detections from MODIS, AVHRR and GOES satellites with Landsat acquisitions. Newly acquired Landsat imagery will be routinely scanned to identify freshly burned area pixels, derive an initial perimeter and tag the burned area with the satellite date and time of detection. Landsat imagery from the early archive will be scanned to identify undocumented fires. Additional automated fire assessment processes will be developed. The USGS will develop these processes using open source software packages in order to provide freely available tools to local land managers providing them with the capability to assess fires at the local level.