Impacts of Episodic Freshwater Inflow Pulses on Seagrass Dynamics in the Lower Laguna Madre, Texas, 1998–2017

Impacts of Episodic Freshwater Inflow Pulses on Seagrass Dynamics in the Lower Laguna Madre, Texas, 1998–2017
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1998 年至 2017 年德克萨斯州马德雷湖下游间歇性淡水流入脉冲对海草动态的影响

DOI:
10.1007/s12237-023-01170-5
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Estuaries and Coasts (SPECIAL ISSUE: LOW INFLOW ESTUARIES
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Guthrie, Carla G.
Guthrie, Carla G.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
DeYoe, Hudson R.;Pulich, Warren;Lupher, Melissa;Neupane, Ram;Guthrie, Carla G.

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德克萨斯州的下拉古纳马德雷湖(LLM)是一个亚热带、高盐泻湖,由郁郁葱葱的海草床主导,其特点是历史上的低淡水流入(FWI)制度。从1998年到2012年,LLM的海草净减少了8.8%,主要是丝状海草(syringgodium filiformeia)和海草(thalassia testudinum),尽管halodule wrightii也随之增加。在受主要FWI来源Arroyo Colorado影响的LLM中部地区,产量下降了约20%。我们提出,thalassiaand syringoumin的减少主要是由于高FWI脉冲和来自日益改良的LLM流域的N负荷。盐度模拟研究表明,FWI脉冲降低了该地区数月的盐度,这可能与非点源营养物(即未测量的)输入有关。在Arroyo Colorado附近的一个站点,土壤生物量和芽密度分别为319.3 g/m2和567芽/m2,而最高产的LLM站点则为1296 g/m2和3382芽/m2。在LLM附近的四个子流域进行的目标采样表明,泻湖的溶解氮(硝酸盐和有机氮)负荷很高。LLM海草的氮同位素分析进一步表明,氮可能来自阿罗约科罗拉多河的内陆废水径流。我们得出的结论是,流入泻湖的淡水脉冲会产生低盐条件和高营养负荷,对海草造成压力,导致海草的恢复能力下降,并减少了thalassiaand syringodium的分布。随着气候变化、沿海人口增长和流域排水的增强,低盐度和富营养化径流的发生频率和持续时间可能会增加,从而改变LLM海草的恢复力和多样性。
The Lower Laguna Madre of Texas (LLM) is a subtropical, hypersaline lagoon dominated by lush seagrass beds and characterized by a historically low freshwater inflow (FWI) regime. From 1998 to 2012, a net 8.8% seagrass decrease occurred in the LLM, primarilySyringodium filiformeandThalassia testudinum, despite the concomitant expansion ofHalodule wrightii. In the middle region of the LLM affected by a major FWI source, the Arroyo Colorado, the decrease was > 20%. We proposed thatThalassiaandSyringodiumdecrease was largely due to high FWI pulses and N loading from an increasingly modified LLM watershed. Salinity modeling studies showed that FWI pulses lowered salinities for months in this region potentially associated with non-point source nutrient (viz. ungauged) inputs. At a site near the Arroyo Colorado,Thalassiabiomass and shoot density were lower 319.3 g/m2and 567 shoots/m2, respectively versus 1296 g/m2and 3382 shoots/m2for the most productive LLM site. Targeted sampling in four subwatersheds adjacent to the LLM demonstrated high dissolved N loadings (nitrate and organic nitrogen) to the lagoon. Nitrogen isotope analysis of LLM seagrass further indicated that nitrogen was likely from inland wastewater runoff from the Arroyo Colorado. We concluded that freshwater pulses to the lagoon produce hyposaline conditions and high nutrient loading, stressing seagrasses and resulting in diminished resilience and reduced distribution ofThalassiaandSyringodium. With climate change, coastal population growth, and enhanced watershed drainage, episodes of hyposalinity, and enriched nutrient runoff are likely to increase in frequency and duration, altering seagrass resilience and diversity in the LLM.
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