Experience overrides personality differences in the tendency to follow but not in the tendency to lead
Experience overrides personality differences in the tendency to follow but not in the tendency to lead
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2013.1724
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发表时间：
2013-10-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Johnstone, Rufus A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakayama, Shinnosuke;Stumpe, Martin C.;Johnstone, Rufus A.
在许多动物群体中，领导者和追随者的出现促进了协调活动。虽然领导人的身份在某种程度上是可以预测的，但大多数团体的领导人经常更换。群体成员如何科普他们社会角色的变化？在这里，我们比较了觅食行为的棘鱼对后一段时间的（一）角色强化，其中涉及奖励的害羞的追随者以下，和大胆的领导者的领导，或（二）角色逆转，其中涉及奖励的害羞的追随者领导，和大胆的领导者以下。我们发现，无论个人的气质如何，其追随的倾向是可塑的，而发起集体运动的倾向则更抗拒变化。由于缺乏主动性的灵活性，当典型角色被强化时，一对人之间更大的气质差异会导致表现的改善，但当典型角色被颠倒时，表现就会受损。
In many animal groups, coordinated activity is facilitated by the emergence of leaders and followers. Although the identity of leaders is to some extent predictable, most groups experience frequent changes of leadership. How do group members cope with such changes in their social role? Here, we compared the foraging behaviour of pairs of stickleback fish after a period of either (i) role reinforcement, which involved rewarding the shyer follower for following, and the bolder leader for leading, or (ii) role reversal, which involved rewarding the shyer follower for leading, and the bolder leader for following. We found that, irrespective of an individual's temperament, its tendency to follow is malleable, whereas the tendency to initiate collective movement is much more resistant to change. As a consequence of this lack of flexibility in initiative, greater temperamental differences within a pair led to improved performance when typical roles were reinforced, but to impaired performance when typical roles were reversed.