Optimal Planning and Operation of Hidden Moving Target Defense for Maximal Detection Effectiveness
Optimal Planning and Operation of Hidden Moving Target Defense for Maximal Detection Effectiveness
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DOI：
10.1109/tsg.2021.3076824
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
Bo Liu;Hongyu Wu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bo Liu;Hongyu Wu
电力系统中的移动目标防御 (MTD) 是一种很有前途的防御策略，可使用分布式灵活交流输电系统 (D-FACTS) 设备检测针对状态估计的虚假数据注入 (FDI) 攻击。隐藏 MTD (HMTD) 是一种优越的 MTD 方法，因为它对于老练的攻击者来说是隐秘的。然而，确保 MTD 隐藏性和最大检测有效性的 D-FACTS 设备的优化规划和操作是具有挑战性但尚未解决的问题。在本文中，我们通过首先推导一种新颖的隐藏操作条件来应对这些挑战。然后，我们使用基于图论的拓扑分析提出了 HMTD 的 D-FACTS 放置的分析充分条件。提出了一种基于深度优先搜索的 D-FACTS 放置算法，以保证 MTD 隐藏性，同时最大化其复合矩阵的秩，即 MTD 有效性的指标，并覆盖所有必要的总线。此外，我们提出了 DC 和 AC-HMTD 操作模型来确定 D-FACTS 设备的设定点。基于优化的DC-HMTD模型克服了现有HMTD操作的缺点。基于 ACOPF 的 HMTD 运行模型最大限度地降低了发电成本，以利用 D-FACTS 设备的经济效益。 IEEE 14 总线和 IEEE 57 总线系统的比较数值结果显示了所提出的规划和操作方法的有效性。
Moving target defense (MTD) in the power system is a promising defense strategy to detect false data injection (FDI) attacks against state estimation using distributed flexible AC transmission system (D-FACTS) devices. A hidden MTD (HMTD) is a superior MTD method, as it is stealthy to sophisticated attackers. However, the optimal planning and operation of D-FACTS devices that ensure the MTD hiddenness and maximal detection effectiveness are challenging yet unresolved issues. In this paper, we tackle these challenges by first deriving a novel hiddenness operation condition. Then, we propose an analytical sufficient condition on the D-FACTS placement for HMTDs using a graph-theory-based topology analysis. A depth-first-search-based D-FACTS placement algorithm is proposed to guarantee the MTD hiddenness while maximizing the rank of its composite matrix, i.e., an indicator of the MTD effectiveness, and covering all necessary buses. Additionally, we propose DC- and AC-HMTD operation models to determine the setpoints of D-FACTS devices. The optimization-based DC-HMTD model overcomes the drawbacks of the existing HMTD operation. The ACOPF-based HMTD operation model minimizes the generation cost to utilize the economic benefit of D-FACTS devices. Comparative numerical results on the IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 57-bus systems show the efficacy of the proposed planning and operation approaches.