Chemicals of concern in plastic toys
Chemicals of concern in plastic toys
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2020.106194
复制
发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Fantke, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aurisano, Nicolo;Huang, Lei;Fantke, Peter
我们列出了塑料玩具中的关注化学品 (CoC)。我们从报告玩具化学成分的现有研究开始，对塑料材料进行分组，并收集这些材料中化学物质的质量分数和功能。然后使用一系列模型以及耦合的近场和远场暴露评估框架来估计塑料玩具的化学排放量以及随后的人体暴露量。将人体剂量与参考剂量进行比较，显示危险商数高达 387，使用癌症斜率因子计算的癌症风险高达 0.0005。软塑料材料中的增塑剂风险最高，126 种化学物质中有 31 种被确定为 CoC，危害商数总和 >1 或儿童癌症风险 >10(-6)。我们的研究结果表明，塑料玩具材料中使用的一定量的化学物质可能对儿童造成不可忽视的健康风险，需要进行更精细的调查和更人性化、更环保的替代品。将确定为 CoC 的 126 种化学品与其他现有监管优先列表进行了比较。虽然我们的一些化学品出现在其他清单中，但我们还确定了其他地方尚未涵盖的其他优先化学品，因此需要进一步关注。我们最终得出所有考虑的化学品在分组玩具塑料材料中的最大可接受化学含量（ACC），作为强大的绿色化学工具来检查化学替代品是否会产生重大风险。
We present a list of Chemicals of Concern (CoCs) in plastic toys. We started from available studies reporting chemical composition of toys to group plastic materials, as well as to gather mass fractions and function of chemicals in these materials. Chemical emissions from plastic toys and subsequent human exposures were then estimated using a series of models and a coupled near-field and far-field exposure assessment framework. Comparing human doses with reference doses shows high Hazard Quotients of up to 387 and cancer risk calculated using cancer slope factors of up to 0.0005. Plasticizers in soft plastic materials show the highest risk, with 31 out of the 126 chemicals identified as CoCs, with sum of Hazard Quotients >1 or child cancer risk >10(-6). Our results indicate that a relevant amount of chemicals used in plastic toy materials may pose a non-negligible health risk to children, calling for more refined investigations and more human- and eco-friendly alternatives. The 126 chemicals identified as CoCs were compared with other existing regulatory prioritization lists. While some of our chemicals appear in other lists, we also identified additional priority chemicals that are not yet covered elsewhere and thus require further attention. We finally derive for all considered chemicals the maximum Acceptable Chemical Content (ACC) in the grouped toy plastic materials as powerful green chemistry tool to check whether chemical alternatives could create substantial risks.