What Motivates the Adolescent? Brain Regions Mediating Reward Sensitivity across Adolescence
What Motivates the Adolescent? Brain Regions Mediating Reward Sensitivity across Adolescence
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhp078
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Crone, Eveline A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Van Leijenhorst, Linda;Zanolie, Kiki;Crone, Eveline A.
近年来，青春期大脑发育与青少年危险行为之间的关系引起了越来越多的关注。有人提出，青少年对奖励过度敏感是因为纹状体和前额皮质的发育模式不平衡。迄今为止，尚不清楚青少年是否因为高估潜在奖励或对收到的奖励反应更大而从事危险行为，以及这些影响是否在没有决定的情况下发生。在这项研究中，我们使用了功能性磁共振成像范式，使我们能够区分 10 至 12 岁、14 至 15 岁和 18 至 23 岁参与者的预期、接受和遗漏奖励的影响。我们发现，在预期不确定的结果的情况下，与年轻人相比，青少年的前岛叶更加活跃，腹侧纹状体在青春期中期显示出与奖励相关的峰值，而年轻人则表现出眶额皮层激活以忽略奖励。这些区域呈现出不同的发展轨迹。这项研究支持了青少年对奖励高度敏感的假设，并补充了现有的文献，证明青少年的神经激活在没有选择的情况下即使是小奖励也是不同的。这些发现可能对理解青少年的冒险行为具有重要意义。
The relation between brain development across adolescence and adolescent risky behavior has attracted increasing interest in recent years. It has been proposed that adolescents are hypersensitive to reward because of an imbalance in the developmental pattern followed by the striatum and prefrontal cortex. To date, it is unclear if adolescents engage in risky behavior because they overestimate potential rewards or respond more to received rewards and whether these effects occur in the absence of decisions. In this study, we used a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm that allowed us to dissociate effects of the anticipation, receipt, and omission of reward in 10- to 12-year-old, 14- to 15-year-old, and 18- to 23-year-old participants. We show that in anticipation of uncertain outcomes, the anterior insula is more active in adolescents compared with young adults and that the ventral striatum shows a reward-related peak in middle adolescence, whereas young adults show orbitofrontal cortex activation to omitted reward. These regions show distinct developmental trajectories. This study supports the hypothesis that adolescents are hypersensitive to reward and adds to the current literature in demonstrating that neural activation differs in adolescents even for small rewards in the absence of choice. These findings may have important implications for understanding adolescent risk-taking behavior.