Surface Water Pollution in Three Urban Territories of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh
Surface Water Pollution in Three Urban Territories of Nepal, India, and Bangladesh
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DOI：
10.1007/s002670010238
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发表时间：
2001-05
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
S. K. Karn;H. Harada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. K. Karn;H. Harada
在尼泊尔、印度和孟加拉国等南亚国家，由于城市活动排放的大量污染负荷，城市附近的河流污染更加严重和严重。加德满都谷地巴格马蒂河、德里亚穆纳河以及达卡周边河流（主要是布里甘加河）近日受到严重污染。观测到的所有这些河流的旱季生化需氧量 (BOD) 平均值在 20-30 毫克/升范围内，总大肠菌群高达 104-105MPN/100 毫升。巴格马蒂、亚穆纳和达卡河流的城市地区人均污染负荷排放量估计分别约为 31、19 和 25 gBOD/人/天。回归分析显示，污染负荷几乎与城市化趋势同步增长。巴格马蒂河和布里甘加河的溶解氧 (DO) 水平正以年均近 0.3 毫克/升/年的速度下降。这些城市发生的无计划的城市化和工业化可能是造成这种严重情况的主要原因。一方面污水、现场卫生和废水处理设施不足，另一方面缺乏有效的污染控制措施和严格执行，是水生系统污染物大量排放的主要原因。
In South Asian countries such as Nepal, India, and Bangladesh, pollution of rivers is more severe and critical near urban stretches due to huge amounts of pollution load discharged by urban activities. The Bagmati River in the Kathmandu valley, the Yamuna River at Delhi, and peripheral rivers (mainly Buriganga River) of Dhaka suffer from severe pollution these days. The observed dry season average of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in all these rivers is in the range of 20–30 mg/liter and total coliform are as high as 104–105MPN/100 ml. Per capita pollution load discharge of urban areas has been estimated to be about 31, 19, and 25 gBOD/capita/day in Bagmati, Yamuna, and the rivers of Dhaka, respectively. Regression analysis reveals pollution loads steadily increasing nearly in step with the trend in urbanization. The dissolved oxygen (DO) level of the Bagmati and Buriganga rivers is declining at an average annual rate of nearly 0.3 mg/liter/year. Unplanned urbanization and industrialization occurring in these cities may be largely responsible for this grave situation. Inadequate sewerage, on-site sanitation, and wastewater treatment facilities in one hand, and lack of effective pollution control measures and their strict enforcement on the other are the major causes of rampant discharge of pollutants in the aquatic systems.