Enzymology and ecology of the nitrogen cycle
Enzymology and ecology of the nitrogen cycle
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DOI：
10.1042/bst0390175
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Watmough, Nicholas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maria Martinez-Espinosa, Rosa;Cole, Jeffrey A.;Watmough, Nicholas J.
氮循环描述了氮在其各种化学形态之间转化的过程。这些转化既涉及生物氧化还原过程，也涉及非生物氧化还原过程。氮循环中涉及的主要过程是固氮、硝化、硝酸盐同化、硝酸盐呼吸还原为氨、厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)和反硝化。所有这些都是由微生物进行的，包括细菌、古生菌和一些特殊的真菌。在本文中，我们简要介绍了这些过程的生化和生态方面，并考虑了过去100年来人类活动如何改变了全球氮循环的历史平衡。
The nitrogen cycle describes the processes through which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. These transformations involve both biological and abiotic redox processes. The principal processes involved in the nitrogen cycle are nitrogen fixation, nitrification, nitrate assimilation, respiratory reduction of nitrate to ammonia, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and denitrification. All of these are carried out by micro-organisms, including bacteria, archaea and some specialized fungi. In the present article, we provide a brief introduction to both the biochemical and ecological aspects of these processes and consider how human activity over the last 100 years has changed the historic balance of the global nitrogen cycle.