Composition and regulation of maternal and zygotic transcriptomes reflects species-specific reproductive mode
Composition and regulation of maternal and zygotic transcriptomes reflects species-specific reproductive mode
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DOI：
10.1186/gb-2010-11-6-r58
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Hunter, Craig P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shen-Orr, Shai S.;Pilpel, Yitzhak;Hunter, Craig P.
背景资料：早期胚胎含有从两个不同来源表达的mRNA转录物;从母亲的基因组表达并沉积在卵母细胞中的那些（母体）和从受精后的胚胎基因组表达的那些（合子）。从母系到合子控制的转变发生在不同动物的不同时期，这取决于母系贡献的程度和形式，这可能反映了进化和生态的力量。母体沉积的转录本依赖于转录后调控机制在胚胎中精确的空间和时间表达，而合子转录本可以使用转录和转录后调控机制。动物之间的差异，在母亲的贡献可能与基因调控的变化检测的大小和复杂性的相关regulatory regions.Results：我们已经使用基因组数据，以确定和比较母亲和/或合子表达的基因从六个不同的动物，并找到证据，选择作用，以塑造基因调控结构在数千个基因。我们发现，哺乳动物母体基因富含复杂的调控区，表明表达特异性增加，而产卵动物富含缺乏转录特异性的母体基因。我们认为，这种对产蛋动物母体表达的特异性的缺乏表明大部分母体基因是非功能性表达的，仅为发育中的胚胎提供补充营养成分。这些结果为分析其他基因组提供了明确的预测标准。
Background: Early embryos contain mRNA transcripts expressed from two distinct origins; those expressed from the mother's genome and deposited in the oocyte (maternal) and those expressed from the embryo's genome after fertilization (zygotic). The transition from maternal to zygotic control occurs at different times in different animals according to the extent and form of maternal contributions, which likely reflect evolutionary and ecological forces. Maternally deposited transcripts rely on post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for precise spatial and temporal expression in the embryo, whereas zygotic transcripts can use both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. The differences in maternal contributions between animals may be associated with gene regulatory changes detectable by the size and complexity of the associated regulatory regions.Results: We have used genomic data to identify and compare maternal and/or zygotic expressed genes from six different animals and find evidence for selection acting to shape gene regulatory architecture in thousands of genes. We find that mammalian maternal genes are enriched for complex regulatory regions, suggesting an increase in expression specificity, while egg-laying animals are enriched for maternal genes that lack transcriptional specificity.Conclusions: We propose that this lack of specificity for maternal expression in egg-laying animals indicates that a large fraction of maternal genes are expressed non-functionally, providing only supplemental nutritional content to the developing embryo. These results provide clear predictive criteria for analysis of additional genomes.