Water ingestion during swimming activities in a pool: a pilot study.
Water ingestion during swimming activities in a pool: a pilot study.
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DOI：
10.2166/wh.2006.0026
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发表时间：
2006-12
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
A. Dufour;O. Evans;T. Behymer;R. Cantú
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Dufour;O. Evans;T. Behymer;R. Cantú
氯异氰脲酸盐通常被添加到室外游泳池以稳定氯消毒剂。氯异氰尿酸盐分解缓慢，释放氯和氰尿酸。为确定氯异氰尿酸是否可能对游泳者有毒而进行的研究表明，它们没有毒性，摄入的三氰尿酸在体内未被代谢。这一事实被用来确定游泳活动中吞咽的水量。53名休闲游泳者参加了这项研究，他们使用了一个用氰尿酸稳定氯消毒的社区游泳池。参与者在测试游泳的前一天和之后都没有游泳。这些游泳者被要求积极地游泳至少45分钟，并在接下来的24小时内收集尿液。采用高效液相色谱-多孔石墨碳柱-紫外检测法测定泳池水中的三聚尿酸。尿样化验需要一个清除程序，以去除尿蛋白和干扰物质。研究结果表明，在游泳活动中，非成年人摄入的水大约是成年人的两倍。非成年鼠和成年鼠的平均饮水量分别为37毫升和16毫升。本研究的设计和用于测定游泳池水和人类尿液中的氰尿酸的分析方法对于测量游泳活动期间吞咽的水量是有效的。
Chloroisocyanurates are commonly added to outdoor swimming pools to stabilize chlorine disinfectants. The chloroisocyanurates decompose slowly to release chlorine and cyanuric acid. Studies conducted to determine if the chloroisocyanurates might be toxic to swimmers showed that they were not and that ingested cyanuric acid passed through the body unmetabolized. This fact was used to determine the amount of water swallowed during swimming activity. Fifty-three recreational swimmers, using a community swimming pool disinfected with cyanuric acid stabilized chlorine, participated in the study. The participants did not swim on the day before or after the test swim. The swimmers were asked to actively swim for at least 45 minutes and to collect their urine for the next 24 hours. Cyanuric acid was measured in pool water using high performance liquid chromatography and porous graphitic carbon columns with UV detection. The urine sample assay required a clean-up procedure to remove urinary proteins and interfering substances. Results of the study indicate that non-adults ingest about twice as much water as adults during swimming activity. The average amount of water swallowed by non-adults and adults was 37 ml and 16 ml, respectively. The design for this study and the analytical methodology used to assay cyanuric acid in swimming pool water and human urine were effective for measuring the volume of water swallowed during swimming activity.