Randomization Analyses: Mimicry, Geographic Variation and Cultural Evolution of Song in Brood‐Parasitic Straw‐Tailed Whydahs, Vidua fischeri
Randomization Analyses: Mimicry, Geographic Variation and Cultural Evolution of Song in Brood‐Parasitic Straw‐Tailed Whydahs, Vidua fischeri
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随机分析：巢寄生草尾维达鸟鸣声的拟态、地理变异和文化进化
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发表时间：
2000
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通讯作者：
C. Parr
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作者：
R. B. Payne;Jean L. Woods;M. Siddall;C. Parr
虽然鸟类鸣叫已经成为研究行为发展、文化进化和种群分化问题的重要模型，但定量分析方法一直存在问题。在这里，我们开发和应用定量随机化方法来测试关于这些过程的假设在一个自然种群的鸟类。为了验证以下假设，我们将非洲育寄生稻尾飞达（Vidua fischeri）的歌声与它们的宿主紫弹鼠（Granatina ianthinogaster）的歌声进行了声学图上的相似性比较：Whydahs模仿其宿主物种的歌曲，它们有当地的歌曲方言，邻近的雄性与它们的歌曲主题相匹配，当地的雄性与当地宿主的歌曲相匹配，偏远的种群根据地理距离有不同的歌曲，歌曲随着时间的推移在几代人之间进行文化进化。随机化分析采用(1)Mantel矩阵统计和(2)基于树的方法，采用曼哈顿矩阵的Sankoff优化和近似随机化。我们的研究结果为歌曲模仿、当地歌曲方言、邻近雄性之间的歌曲主题匹配、当地维达模仿者和弹兵歌曲模型的歌曲匹配、歌曲差异和地理距离的对应关系以及当地人口中歌曲传统变化的文化连续性提供了证据。这些随机化方法在动物交流的其他研究中可能是有用的，并且它们足够普遍，可以用于从我们的例子中对歌曲相似性的自然印象或从声学测量中得出的距离矩阵。
Although bird song has been an important model for investigating questions of behavior development, cultural evolution and population differentiation, the quantitative methods of analysis have been problematic. Here we develop and apply quantitative randomization methods to test hypotheses about these processes in a natural population of birds. Songs of the African brood-parasitic straw-tailed whydahs (Vidua fischeri) and songs of their host species, the purple grenadier (Granatina ianthinogaster), were compared in audiospectrograms for similarity to test the following hypotheses: Whydahs mimic the songs of their host species, they have local song dialects, neighboring males match their song themes, local males match the songs of local hosts, remote populations have different songs according to their geographic distance, and songs undergo cultural evolution over time across generations. Randomization analyses were completed using (1) Mantel matrix statistics and (2) tree-based measures employing Sankoff optimization of Manhattan matrices and approximate randomizations. Our results provide evidence for song mimicry, local song dialects, matching song themes between neighboring males, song matching of local whydah mimics and grenadier song models, correspondence of song differences and geographic distance, and cultural continuity with change in song traditions within a local population. These randomization methods may be useful in other studies of animal communication, and they are sufficiently general for use both with distance matrices derived either from naturalistic impressions of song similarity as in our example or from acoustic measurements.